Tinsley Harrison Internal Medicine Residency Program, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine,, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0007, USA.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020 Aug 27;22(9):72. doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01077-7.
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for death and disability-adjusted life-years lost globally. Despite this tremendous impact on health, blood pressure measurement and treatment are relatively new to medical practice, with widespread measurement beginning just over 100 years ago. How, in such a short time, did blood pressure become such an integral measurement in medical practice that it is now considered one of the vital signs? Key revelations through Stephen Hales and his horse experiment, Riva-Rocci's modern blood pressure cuff, Korotkoff sounds, and President Roosevelt's death set the stage for discovery. Landmark trials such as the VA Cooperative studies of the 1960s through the recent Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet trials provide the foundation for modern clinical practice. An understanding of the history of hypertension can directly affect current clinical practice and offers unique insights into how the medical community has approached the management of one of the deadliest medical conditions in history.
高血压是导致全球死亡和伤残调整生命年损失的主要风险因素。尽管它对健康有如此巨大的影响，但血压测量和治疗在医学实践中相对较新，广泛的测量仅始于 100 多年前。在如此短的时间内，血压是如何成为医学实践中如此不可或缺的测量方法，以至于现在被认为是生命体征之一的呢？通过斯蒂芬·黑尔斯（Stephen Hales）及其马实验、里瓦-罗奇（Riva-Rocci）的现代血压袖带、柯氏音（Korotkoff sounds）以及罗斯福总统（President Roosevelt）的去世，揭示了其中的关键原因。从 20 世纪 60 年代的退伍军人事务合作研究（VA Cooperative studies）到最近的收缩压干预试验（Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial）和地中海饮食预防试验（Prevention with Mediterranean Diet trials）等里程碑式的试验，为现代临床实践奠定了基础。了解高血压的历史可以直接影响当前的临床实践，并为我们提供独特的视角，了解医学界如何应对这一历史上最致命的疾病之一。
