Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Department of Psychology, Cátedra de Cooperación al Desarrollo, University of Cordoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 26;17(17):6199. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176199.
Although bullying and cyberbullying have been widely studied in diverse geographical areas, the number of studies in isolated regions, located in rainforests such as the Peruvian Amazonia, is low. Most research has been conducted in wealthy, Western countries, although disadvantaged areas are usually the most affected by various problems. Thus, the aims of this study were to validate bullying and cyberbullying measurement instruments among adolescents in the Peruvian Amazonia, to determine the prevalence rates of bullying and cyberbullying among this population, and to examine how bullying and cyberbullying relate to self-esteem, empathy, and social skills. The sample included 607 students from the region of Loreto (Peruvian Amazonia) who completed self-report questionnaires. Both questionnaires used in the sample were found to have good psychometric properties. Results showed that bullying and cyberbullying are prevalent among teenagers in the Amazonia. Low self-esteem and high affective empathy predicted bullying victimization. Being a bully was related to high assertiveness. Being a bully-victim was related to low self-esteem and low assertiveness. Cybervictims showed higher cognitive empathy. Cyberbullies showed higher affective empathy in comparison to uninvolved adolescents. Having low self-esteem and higher affective empathy were related to being a cyberbully/victim. This study provides a validated questionnaire that can be used for research and practice in the Amazonia. Based on the current results, tailored anti-bullying and anti-cyberbullying interventions with components focused on self-esteem, empathy, and social skills should be implemented in Peruvian secondary schools.
尽管欺凌和网络欺凌在不同的地理区域得到了广泛的研究，但在孤立地区（如秘鲁亚马逊雨林）的研究数量较少。大多数研究都是在富裕的西方国家进行的，尽管贫困地区通常是受各种问题影响最大的地区。因此，本研究的目的是在秘鲁亚马逊地区的青少年中验证欺凌和网络欺凌的测量工具，确定该人群中欺凌和网络欺凌的发生率，并研究欺凌和网络欺凌与自尊、同理心和社会技能的关系。该样本包括来自洛雷托地区（秘鲁亚马逊地区）的 607 名学生，他们完成了自我报告问卷。样本中使用的两个问卷都被发现具有良好的心理测量学特性。结果表明，亚马逊地区的青少年中普遍存在欺凌和网络欺凌现象。低自尊和高情感同理心预测欺凌受害者。欺凌者具有高果断性。欺凌-受害者与低自尊和低果断性有关。网络受害者表现出更高的认知同理心。与未参与的青少年相比，网络欺凌者表现出更高的情感同理心。低自尊和高情感同理心与网络欺凌/受害者有关。本研究提供了一个经过验证的问卷，可以在亚马逊地区的研究和实践中使用。根据目前的结果，应该在秘鲁中学实施针对欺凌和网络欺凌的量身定制的干预措施，干预措施的重点应放在自尊、同理心和社会技能上。
