Mortimer Monika, Winchell Alyssa, Holden Patricia A
Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
Environ Int. 2020 Nov;144:106053. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106053. Epub 2020 Aug 26.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is a globally concerning issue. This study sought to improve the understanding of human health risks from an environmental AMR proliferation perspective. Surface water concentrations of 11 most used antibiotics in the United States were simulated for the Columbia and Sacramento River watersheds using the Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation (PhATE) model. The predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and literature-reported measured environmental concentrations (MECs) of antibiotics were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of three frameworks proposed as protective of AMR selection. For all of the studied antibiotics, PECs (except for moxifloxacin, a 4th generation fluoroquinolone), and at least one published MEC, were above the safe limit proposed by at least one of the three frameworks. The results indicate that a variety of different antibiotics with different mechanisms of action and physico-chemical properties are likely in environmental compartments at or above the concentrations currently proposed as safe from an AMR proliferation perspective. Understanding environmental occurrence of antibiotics is important for assessing environmental exposures and, when compared to PNECs for resistance selection, can-either alone or in combination with other methods- more specifically indicate where there are potential risks of AMR proliferation.
环境中的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个全球关注的问题。本研究旨在从环境AMR扩散的角度提高对人类健康风险的认识。使用药物评估和运输评估（PhATE）模型，对美国使用最广泛的11种抗生素在哥伦比亚河和萨克拉门托河流域的地表水浓度进行了模拟。将预测的抗生素环境浓度（PECs）和文献报道的实测环境浓度（MECs）与为保护AMR选择而提出的三个框架的预测无效应浓度（PNECs）进行了比较。对于所有研究的抗生素，PECs（第四代氟喹诺酮类药物莫西沙星除外）以及至少一项已发表的MEC，均高于三个框架中至少一个所提出的安全限值。结果表明，从AMR扩散的角度来看，具有不同作用机制和物理化学性质的多种不同抗生素在环境介质中的浓度可能达到或高于目前所提出的安全浓度。了解抗生素在环境中的存在情况对于评估环境暴露很重要，并且与用于耐药性选择的PNECs相比，单独或与其他方法结合使用时，可以更具体地指出AMR扩散存在潜在风险的地方。
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