School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Piso 2, Edifício nascente, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3800-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020 Oct;49:102176. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102176. Epub 2020 May 4.
Pain Self-efficacy is an important resilience mechanism in adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The Child Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) was developed to assess self-efficacy related to functioning despite pain.
This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the CSES into European Portuguese and to assess its validity and reliability in a sample of adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
The original version of the CSES was translated and pilot tested in line with international guideless. Then, the European Portuguese version was filled in by 1730 adolescents, who also completed the following instruments: Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; Numeric Pain Rating Scale; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and Basic Scale on Insomnia Complaints and Quality of Sleep. Sixty-three of these adolescents, with at least one painful body site, completed the questionnaire twice to assess test-retest reliability and measurement error. Internal consistency was obtained, and hypothesis testing and factor analysis were used to assess validity.
Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.89 to 0.92, ICC was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.71; 0.89), the SEM and MDD were 2.49 and 6.9, respectively. Fair and moderate to good correlations were found between CSES and catastrophizing (r from 0.45 to 0.48), depression, anxiety and stress (r from 0.35 to 0.38), fear of movement (r from 0.38 to 0.49) and sleep (r from 0.20 to 0.29). The factor analysis resulted in 1-factor model.
The European Portuguese version of the CSES appears to be valid and reliable in adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
疼痛自我效能感是青少年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者的重要恢复机制。儿童自我效能感量表（CSES）旨在评估与疼痛相关的功能自我效能。
本研究旨在将 CSES 跨文化改编为欧洲葡萄牙语，并在患有慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的青少年样本中评估其有效性和可靠性。
根据国际指南，对 CSES 的原始版本进行翻译和试点测试。然后，1730 名青少年填写了欧洲葡萄牙语版本的 CSES，他们还完成了以下工具：北欧肌肉骨骼问卷；数字疼痛评分量表；疼痛灾难化量表；抑郁、焦虑和压力量表；坦帕运动恐惧量表和失眠抱怨及睡眠质量基本量表。其中 63 名至少有一个疼痛部位的青少年两次完成问卷，以评估测试-重测信度和测量误差。获得了内部一致性，并进行了假设检验和因子分析以评估有效性。
Cronbach's alpha 范围为 0.89 至 0.92，ICC 为 0.83（95%CI：0.71；0.89），SEM 和 MDD 分别为 2.49 和 6.9。CSES 与灾难化（r 从 0.45 到 0.48）、抑郁、焦虑和压力（r 从 0.35 到 0.38）、运动恐惧（r 从 0.38 到 0.49）和睡眠（r 从 0.20 到 0.29）之间存在适度到良好的相关性。因子分析得出了 1 因子模型。
欧洲葡萄牙语版 CSES 在患有慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的青少年中具有良好的有效性和可靠性。
