College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; Marine Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom.
College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 Nov;160:111552. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111552. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
We compare the toxicity of microplastics, microfibres and nanoplastics on mussels. Mussels (Mytilus spp.) were exposed to 500 ng mL-1 of 20 μm polystyrene microplastics, 10 × 30 μm polyamide microfibres or 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics for 24 h or 7 days. Biomarkers of immune response, oxidative stress response, lysosomal destabilisation and genotoxic damage were measured in haemolymph, digestive gland and gills. Microplastics and microfibres were observed in the digestive glands, with significantly higher plastic concentrations after 7-days exposure (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Nanoplastics had a significant effect on hyalinocyte-granulocyte ratios (ANOVA, P < 0.05), indicative of a heightened immune response. SOD activity was significantly increased followed 24 h exposure to plastics (two-way ANOVA, P < 0.05), but returned to normal levels after 7-days exposure. No evidence of lysosomal destabilisation or genotoxic damage was observed from any form of plastic. The study highlights how particle size is a key factor in plastic particulate toxicity.
我们比较了微塑料、微纤维和纳米塑料对贻贝的毒性。贻贝（Mytilus spp.）暴露于 500ng/mL 的 20μm 聚苯乙烯微塑料、10×30μm 聚酰胺微纤维或 50nm 聚苯乙烯纳米塑料中 24 小时或 7 天。在血液、消化腺和鳃中测量了免疫反应、氧化应激反应、溶酶体不稳定和遗传毒性损伤的生物标志物。在消化腺中观察到微塑料和微纤维，7 天暴露后塑料浓度显著升高（ANOVA，P<0.05）。纳米塑料对透明细胞-粒细胞比值有显著影响（ANOVA，P<0.05），表明免疫反应增强。暴露于塑料后 24 小时 SOD 活性显著增加（双因素方差分析，P<0.05），但 7 天后恢复正常水平。任何形式的塑料都没有观察到溶酶体不稳定或遗传毒性损伤的证据。该研究强调了颗粒大小是塑料颗粒毒性的关键因素。
