Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 10;751:141721. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141721. Epub 2020 Aug 15.
Globally, soils are subject to radical changes in their biogeochemistry as rampant deforestation and other forms of land use and climate change continue to transform planet Earth. To better understand soil ecosystem functioning, it is necessary to understand the responses of soil microbial diversity and community structure to changing climate, land cover, and associated environmental variables. With next-generation sequencing, we investigated changes in topsoil fungi community structure among different land cover types (from Forest to Cropland) and climate zones (from Hot to Cold zones) in the Western Pacific Region. We demonstrated that climate zones substantially (P = 0.001) altered the soil fungal beta-diversity (change in community composition), but not alpha-diversity (taxonomical diversity). In particular, precipitation, temperature, and also latitude were the best predictors of beta-diversity. Individual fungal classes displayed divergent but strong responses to climate variables and latitude, suggesting niche differentiation at lower taxonomic levels. We also demonstrated that fungal taxonomic diversity differentially responded to latitude across land covers: fungal diversity increased towards lower latitudes in the Forest and Cropland (R = 0.19) but increased towards both lower and higher latitudes in Fallow land (R = 0.45). Further, alpha-diversity was significantly influenced by soil pH in Forest (P = 0.02), and by diurnal temperature range in Fallow land and mean annual precipitation in Cropland. Collectively, various land cover types had differential influence on the latitude diversity gradient, while climate, and to some extent, edaphic variables, were crucial in shaping soil fungal community structure. Our results can also serve as a baseline for estimating global change impacts on fungal community structure in the Western Pacific Region.
全球范围内，由于猖獗的森林砍伐和其他形式的土地利用以及气候变化继续改变地球，土壤的生物地球化学发生了根本性变化。为了更好地了解土壤生态系统功能，有必要了解土壤微生物多样性和群落结构对不断变化的气候、土地覆盖和相关环境变量的响应。通过下一代测序，我们研究了西太平洋地区不同土地覆盖类型（从森林到农田）和气候带（从炎热到寒冷）的表土真菌群落结构变化。我们证明气候带极大地改变了土壤真菌的β多样性（群落组成的变化），而不是α多样性（分类多样性）。特别是，降水、温度和纬度是β多样性的最佳预测因子。个别真菌类群对气候变量和纬度表现出不同但强烈的反应，这表明在较低的分类水平上存在生态位分化。我们还证明，真菌分类多样性在不同土地覆盖物中对纬度的响应存在差异：真菌多样性在森林和农田中向较低纬度增加（R=0.19），而在休耕地中向较低和较高纬度增加（R=0.45）。此外，α多样性在森林中受到土壤 pH 的显著影响（P=0.02），在休耕地中受到昼夜温差的影响，在农田中受到年平均降水量的影响。总的来说，不同的土地覆盖类型对纬度多样性梯度有不同的影响，而气候在一定程度上以及土壤变量对塑造土壤真菌群落结构至关重要。我们的结果也可以作为估计西太平洋地区真菌群落结构对全球变化影响的基线。
