Iacono Rosario, Buscot François, Forteva Spaska, Schöning Ingo, Schrumpf Marion, Solly Emily, Wöllauer Stephan, Goldmann Kezia
Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Environ Microbiol. 2025 Aug;27(8):e70170. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.70170.
Soil fungal communities are shaped by land use intensity (LUI) and environmental conditions, but their combined effects remain unclear. Using data from 300 forest and grassland plots across Germany from 2021, we analysed fungal taxa relative abundance and associations with environmental variables. Soil conditions, soil fungal diversity, and community composition were linked to ecosystem variables and differed significantly across LUI levels. Forests showed greater variation in soil conditions across LUI levels; grasslands displayed the most pronounced differences in fungal diversity. In forest ecosystems, taxa belonging to the classes Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes (all Pezizomycotina) were indicators under both high and low LUI levels (R > 0.55, p < 0.005). High LUI in forests was characterised by a higher ratio between Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. In grasslands, high LUI levels were associated with more indicator taxa from Mortierellomycota and fewer from Glomeromycota compared to low LUI levels (R > 0.6, p < 0.005). This is the first comprehensive study addressing differences in soil fungal communities between grasslands and forests and across management intensities in Europe. Our findings suggest differential response of the two ecosystems to changes in LUI, with forests having more resilient traits in terms of soil fungal community richness and composition, while grassland fungi appear more sensitive to management practices.
土壤真菌群落受土地利用强度（LUI）和环境条件的影响，但它们的综合影响尚不清楚。利用2021年德国300个森林和草地地块的数据，我们分析了真菌类群的相对丰度以及与环境变量的关联。土壤条件、土壤真菌多样性和群落组成与生态系统变量相关，并且在不同的土地利用强度水平上存在显著差异。森林在不同土地利用强度水平下土壤条件的变化更大；草地在真菌多样性方面表现出最明显的差异。在森林生态系统中，锤舌菌纲和粪壳菌纲（均为粪壳菌亚门）的类群在高和低土地利用强度水平下均为指示类群（R>0.55，p<0.005）。森林中高土地利用强度的特征是担子菌门与子囊菌门的比例较高。在草地中，与低土地利用强度水平相比，高土地利用强度水平与被孢霉门的指示类群更多、球囊菌门的指示类群更少相关（R>0.6，p<0.005）。这是第一项全面研究欧洲草地和森林之间以及不同管理强度下土壤真菌群落差异的研究。我们的研究结果表明，这两种生态系统对土地利用强度变化的反应不同，就土壤真菌群落丰富度和组成而言，森林具有更强的恢复力特征，而草地真菌似乎对管理措施更为敏感。
