Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Jos, PMB, 2084 Jos, Nigeria.
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2020 Jul;21:100418. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100418. Epub 2020 Jun 13.
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan pathogen of zoonotic and economic importance with a global distribution. The pathogen is associated with abortion, stillbirth, neonatal mortalities and mummification in sheep and goats which may also serve as sources of human infections. In pregnant women, the parasite undergoes intrauterine transmission to cause neonatal complications like miscarriage, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and foetal death. Here, we determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of T. gondii infections in Nigeria using the PRISMA protocol. Prevalence estimates (PE) and heterogeneity were determined by the random-effects model and the Cochran's Q-test respectively. Twenty-eight articles identified, reported 2311 positive cases of Toxoplasma gondii from a total of 9847 animals examined across 15 Nigerian States. Overall PE was 20.70% (95% CI: 15.05-27.78) with a range of 10.18% (95% CI: 2.66-31.98) to 94.00% (95% CI: 89.73-96.56) across sub-groups. PEs varied significantly (p < .05) across host species, with a range of 4.06% (95% CI: 2.47-6.87) to 40.65% (95% CI: 19.88-65.40). PEs in females (22.65%, 95% CI: 15.78-31.72) was significantly higher (p < .05) than that in males (18.97%, 95% CI: 12.78-27.22), while those for adult and young animals were 20.23% (95% CI: 13.42-29.33) and 18.96% (95% CI: 11.11-30.45) respectively. The majority of the studies were published from the south-western region. Toxoplasma gondii infection is prevalent among birds, companion, food and recreational animals from Nigeria. Integrated control strategies including adequate sanitation, cat movement restrictions, public enlightenment are recommended to curtail the menace of T. gondii in animals and its public health consequences in humans.
刚地弓形虫是一种具有动物源性和经济重要性的原生动物病原体，分布广泛。该病原体与绵羊和山羊的流产、死产、新生儿死亡和木乃伊化有关，这些动物也可能成为人类感染的来源。在孕妇中，寄生虫会在宫内传播，导致新生儿出现流产、脉络膜炎、脑积水、脑钙化和胎儿死亡等并发症。在这里，我们使用 PRISMA 方案确定了尼日利亚的弓形虫感染的流行率和地理分布。使用随机效应模型和 Cochran's Q 检验分别确定了患病率估计值 (PE) 和异质性。从尼日利亚 15 个州的 9847 只动物中检测到 28 篇文章，共报告了 2311 例弓形虫阳性病例。总体 PE 为 20.70%（95%CI：15.05-27.78），亚组范围为 10.18%（95%CI：2.66-31.98）至 94.00%（95%CI：89.73-96.56）。PE 在宿主物种之间差异显著（p<.05），范围为 4.06%（95%CI：2.47-6.87）至 40.65%（95%CI：19.88-65.40）。雌性的 PE（22.65%，95%CI：15.78-31.72）明显高于雄性（18.97%，95%CI：12.78-27.22），而成体和幼体动物的 PE 分别为 20.23%（95%CI：13.42-29.33）和 18.96%（95%CI：11.11-30.45）。大多数研究发表于西南部地区。尼日利亚的鸟类、伴侣动物、食用动物和娱乐动物中存在弓形虫感染。建议采用综合控制策略，包括充分的卫生、限制猫的活动、公众宣传等，以遏制弓形虫在动物中的威胁及其对人类公共卫生的影响。
