童年不良经历与人格、情绪和情感之间的关联：经历的数量和类型重要吗？
The Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Personality, Emotions and Affect: Does Number and Type of Experiences Matter?
作者信息
Grusnick Jessica M, Garacci Emma, Eiler Christian, Williams Joni S, Egede Leonard E
机构信息
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Froedtert & The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
出版信息
J Res Pers. 2020 Apr;85. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103908. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
BACKGROUND
There is strong evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact mental health. However, the association between ACEs and personality, emotions and affect are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the association between composite ACE score and ACE type and personality, emotions and positive and negative affect.
METHODS
Three waves of data from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study were used. ACE was the primary independent correlate. Covariates included demographic variables and survey wave. Outcome variables included generativity, personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agency), and affect (positive, negative.) Statistical analyses included 3 approaches: 1) treatment of ACE as dichotomous, 2) ordinal composite of ACE score, and 3) three individual ACE type components to assess the association between ACE and psychological constructs.
RESULTS
Of 6,323 adults in the sample, 53% were female, and 56% had a past ACE. In the adjusted analyses, dichotomized ACE was significantly associated with neuroticism (β=0.10; 95% CI 0.07, 0.13) and conscientiousness (β=-0.03; 95% CI -0.05, -0.01). All ACE scores were significantly and positively associated with neuroticism and negatively associated with conscientiousness. Abuse was significantly associated with neuroticism (β=0.20; 95% CI 0.16, 0.24), openness (β=0.08; 95% CI 0.05, 0.11), conscientiousness (β=-0.05; 95% CI -0.08, -0.02), and agency (β=0.06; 95% CI 0.02, 0.10). All ACE categories, except financial strain, were significantly associated with affect.
CONCLUSION
ACEs are significantly associated with personality, emotions, and affect, with greater effect seen at higher ACE scores and with ACE abuse type, which helps support the cumulative risk hypothesis and our study hypothesis. There is a need for continued research to understand the mechanistic processes and the directionality of the association between ACEs, emotions, and behaviors to help continue to drive biopsychosocial interventions.
背景
有充分证据表明童年不良经历（ACEs）会对心理健康产生负面影响。然而，人们对ACEs与人格、情绪和情感之间的关联了解甚少。因此，我们研究了ACE综合得分、ACE类型与人格、情绪以及正负情感之间的关联。
方法
使用了来自美国中年发展（MIDUS）研究的三轮数据。ACE是主要的独立相关因素。协变量包括人口统计学变量和调查轮次。结果变量包括繁衍力、人格特质（宜人性、尽责性、外向性、神经质、开放性、能动性）和情感（正性、负性）。统计分析包括三种方法：1）将ACE视为二分变量；2）ACE得分的有序综合指标；3）三个单独的ACE类型成分，以评估ACE与心理结构之间的关联。
结果
在样本中的6323名成年人中，53%为女性，56%有过ACE经历。在调整分析中，二分法的ACE与神经质显著相关（β = 0.10；95%可信区间0.07，0.13）和尽责性（β = -0.03；95%可信区间-0.05，-0.01）。所有ACE得分均与神经质显著正相关，与尽责性显著负相关。虐待与神经质显著相关（β = 0.20；95%可信区间0.16，0.24）、开放性（β = 0.08；95%可信区间0.05，0.11）、尽责性（β = -0.05；95%可信区间-0.08，-0.02）和能动性（β = 0.06；95%可信区间0.02，0.10）。除经济压力外，所有ACE类别均与情感显著相关。
结论
ACEs与人格、情绪和情感显著相关，并在较高的ACE得分和ACE虐待类型中表现出更大的影响，这有助于支持累积风险假说和我们的研究假说。需要持续开展研究以了解ACEs、情绪和行为之间关联的机制过程和方向性，从而有助于继续推动生物心理社会干预措施的发展。
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