Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
BMC Geriatr. 2020 Aug 31;20(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01693-7.
South Korea is an aged society that continues to age rapidly. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between changes in lifestyle and cognitive functions in the South Korean elderly using a nationally representative survey.
We analyzed data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) 2006-2016, a biannual panel survey. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with repeated measurements data to examine the association between lifestyle change and cognitive functions over 2 years. Lifestyle combined the scores of four factors (smoking status, alcohol drinking status, body weight, and exercise), and then categorized them into four groups (Good→Good, Bad→Good, Good→Bad, and Bad→Bad) according to the two-year change. Cognitive functions were set according to the scores measured through the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE).
Among females, the K-MMSE score was the highest in the Bad→Good group compared to the reference group, Bad→Bad (β = 0.914; SD = 3.744; p < .0001). The next highest scores were in the Good→Good group (β = 0.813; SD = 4.654; p = 0.0005) and the Good→Bad group (β = 0.475; SD = 4.542; p = 0.0481). Among males, only the K-MMSE of the Good→Good group was statistically significant (β = 0.509; SD = 3.245; p = 0.0077). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the K-MMSE scores of females who did not participate in any social activities were more affected by their lifestyle (Good-Good: β = 1.614; SD = 4.270; p = 0.0017, Bad-Good: β = 1.817; SD = 3.945; p < .0001). Subgroup analysis showed that females who started drinking more than a moderate amount of alcohol had lower K-MMSE scores (Good-Bad: β = - 2.636; SD = 2.915; p = 0.0011). Additionally, in both sexes, exercising, among the four lifestyle options, had a strong and significant association with higher K-MMSE scores.
Following a healthy lifestyle or improving an unhealthy lifestyle can help people prevent or slow down cognitive decline. Regularly engaging in an adequate amount of exercise can help the cognitive function of the elderly. Females, specifically, can experience positive effects on their cognitive function if they participate in social activities while maintaining healthy lifestyles, in particular not drinking too much alcohol.
韩国是一个快速老龄化的老龄化社会。因此，本研究的目的是使用具有全国代表性的调查来研究韩国老年人生活方式变化与认知功能之间的关系。
我们分析了 2006-2016 年韩国老龄化纵向研究（KLoSA）的数据，这是一项两年一次的面板调查。使用重复测量数据进行多元线性回归分析，以研究 2 年内生活方式变化与认知功能之间的关系。生活方式综合了四个因素（吸烟状况、饮酒状况、体重和运动）的得分，并根据两年间的变化将其分为四组（良好→良好、不良→良好、良好→不良和不良→不良）。认知功能根据通过韩国迷你精神状态检查（K-MMSE）测量的分数来设定。
在女性中，与参考组相比，Bad→Good 组的 K-MMSE 评分最高，Bad→Bad（β=0.914；SD=3.744；p<.0001）。得分第二高的是 Good→Good 组（β=0.813；SD=4.654；p=0.0005）和 Good→Bad 组（β=0.475；SD=4.542；p=0.0481）。在男性中，只有 Good→Good 组的 K-MMSE 具有统计学意义（β=0.509；SD=3.245；p=0.0077）。亚组分析结果表明，不参加任何社交活动的女性的生活方式对其 K-MMSE 评分影响更大（Good-Good：β=1.614；SD=4.270；p=0.0017，Bad-Good：β=1.817；SD=3.945；p<.0001）。亚组分析表明，开始饮酒量超过适量的女性 K-MMSE 评分较低（Good-Bad：β=-2.636；SD=2.915；p=0.0011）。此外，在两性中，四种生活方式中，进行适量运动与更高的 K-MMSE 评分有很强的显著关联。
遵循健康的生活方式或改善不健康的生活方式有助于预防或减缓认知能力下降。定期进行适量的运动有助于老年人的认知功能。具体来说，女性如果保持健康的生活方式，特别是不饮酒过量，同时参加社交活动，可能会对认知功能产生积极影响。
