CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Psych J. 2024 Apr;13(2):242-251. doi: 10.1002/pchj.712. Epub 2023 Dec 17.
A better understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors on cognitive function in older adults is critical for developing intervention strategies to achieve successful aging. Moreover, older adults who fulfill the World Health Organization criteria for anemia have a significantly higher risk of developing dementia. In the current study, we aimed to assess the buffering effects of lifestyle on cognitive function in older Chinese adults through a nationally representative survey. The sample consisted of 1201 participants (mean age: 82.39 ± 12.08 years, 52.1% female) from the 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between changes in lifestyle factors and the rate of cognitive function changes, as well as the effects of the interaction between lifestyle factors and anemia on cognitive function changes. Increased levels of participation in leisure activities, social activities, and dietary diversity delayed cognitive decline. Persistent anemia accelerated cognitive decline, while frequent participation in leisure activities delayed cognitive decline due to anemia. The increased levels of participation in leisure activities, social activities, and dietary diversity can alleviate the cognitive decline caused by aging itself, and more frequently participation in leisure activities can also alleviate the adverse effects of anemia on cognitive function in older adults.
更好地了解生活方式因素对老年人认知功能的影响对于制定干预策略以实现成功老龄化至关重要。此外，符合世界卫生组织贫血标准的老年人发生痴呆的风险显著更高。在本研究中，我们旨在通过一项全国代表性调查评估生活方式对中国老年人认知功能的缓冲作用。该样本由来自中国长寿纵向研究的 2011/2012 年和 2014 年两波调查的 1201 名参与者（平均年龄：82.39±12.08 岁，52.1%为女性）组成。我们采用多元线性回归分析来探讨生活方式因素变化与认知功能变化率之间的关系，以及生活方式因素与贫血之间的交互作用对认知功能变化的影响。增加休闲活动、社会活动和饮食多样性的参与水平可以延缓认知能力下降。持续的贫血会加速认知能力下降，而频繁参与休闲活动则可以缓解贫血对老年人认知功能的不利影响。增加休闲活动、社会活动和饮食多样性的参与水平可以缓解衰老本身引起的认知能力下降，而更频繁地参与休闲活动也可以缓解贫血对老年人认知功能的不利影响。
