Int J Oral Implantol (Berl). 2020;13(3):255-266.
The present study aimed to identify the systemic risk indicators associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in individuals with implant-supported fixed prostheses.
In this cross-sectional study, clinical evaluations of periodontal and peri-implant conditions were performed by a single examiner in a sample of 71 volunteers with 360 implants. Peri-implant mucositis was defined as the occurrence of bleeding on probing in association with redness and swelling or suppuration, without bone loss. Peri-implantitis was defined based on a radiograph of bone loss ≥ 3 mm and/or a probing depth ≥ 6 mm with bleeding and/or suppuration on probing. The systemic factors evaluated were obesity, hormone replacement therapy, osteopaenia and osteoporosis, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolaemia. Logistic models were applied to assess the associations between peri-implant diseases and systemic factors.
Mucositis and peri-implantitis were found in 83.1% and 16.9% of the individuals, respectively. The regression analysis showed that obesity (prevalence ratio = 5.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.91 to 96.83; P = 0.01) and high systolic blood pressure (prevalence ratio = 4.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 12.87; P = 0.03) were associated with peri-implantitis at the individual and implant levels, respectively. No systemic factor was associated with peri-implant mucositis (P ≥ 0.06).
Obesity and high systolic blood pressure were associated with peri-implantitis, whereas no systemic factor was associated with peri-implant mucositis. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these as true risk factors. Patients with obesity and/or high systolic blood pressure could be informed of the likely association with peri-implantitis, preferably before implant placement.
本研究旨在确定与种植体支持的固定修复体患者的种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎相关的系统性风险指标。
在这项横断面研究中，由一名检查者对 71 名志愿者的 360 个种植体进行了牙周和种植体状况的临床评估。种植体周围黏膜炎的定义为探诊出血伴红肿或溢脓，但无骨丧失。种植体周围炎的定义为影像学上骨丧失≥3mm 和/或探诊深度≥6mm 伴探诊出血和/或溢脓。评估的系统性因素包括肥胖、激素替代治疗、骨质疏松症、高血压和高胆固醇血症。应用逻辑模型评估种植体周围疾病与系统性因素之间的关系。
分别有 83.1%和 16.9%的个体发生黏膜炎和种植体周围炎。回归分析显示，肥胖（患病率比=5.23；95%置信区间，1.91 至 96.83；P=0.01）和高收缩压（患病率比=4.23；95%置信区间，1.66 至 12.87；P=0.03）分别与个体和种植体水平的种植体周围炎相关。没有系统性因素与种植体周围黏膜炎相关（P≥0.06）。
肥胖和高收缩压与种植体周围炎相关，而没有系统性因素与种植体周围黏膜炎相关。需要进行未来的前瞻性研究来证实这些因素是否为真正的风险因素。患有肥胖症和/或高收缩压的患者可以被告知可能与种植体周围炎相关的信息，最好在种植体放置之前。
