The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, New South Wales, Australia.
The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2020 Oct;59:100870. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100870. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
For the most part, stroke is a disease of old age. With the predicted increase in the aged population and longer life expectancies, the number and proportion of people living with stroke is expected to increase, especially among women and the elderly. For those who suffer stroke, there is a high likelihood of experiencing death and severe disability. Therefore, the issue of stroke amongst women (and men) is a key priority in global public health. In this review, we consider sex and gender differences in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and we summarize data that outlines the epidemiology, risk factor, treatment recovery and prevention of stroke. We discuss possible mechanisms for the sex differences, specifically in areas of biology, medical management and social and behavioral context. With evidence showing that women and men experience stroke differently, sex must be taken into account when treating patients and when designing clinical trials.
在大多数情况下，中风是一种老年病。随着预计老年人口的增加和预期寿命的延长，患有中风的人数和比例预计将会增加，尤其是在女性和老年人中。对于那些中风的人来说，他们很有可能会死亡或严重残疾。因此，女性（和男性）中风问题是全球公共卫生的一个主要优先事项。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了缺血性和出血性中风中的性别差异，并总结了概述中风流行病学、风险因素、治疗恢复和预防的数据。我们讨论了性别差异的可能机制，特别是在生物学、医疗管理和社会及行为背景方面。有证据表明，女性和男性中风的表现不同，因此在治疗患者和设计临床试验时必须考虑到性别因素。
