Dedijer Dujović Suzana, Djordjević Olivera, Vidaković Aleksandra, Mitrović Sindi, Grajić Mirko, Tomić Tijana Dimkić, Rosić Stefan, Radić Ana, Konstantinović Ljubica
Clinic for Rehabilitation "Dr. Miroslav Zotovic", Sokobanjska 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jul 18;13(14):1739. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13141739.
Stroke recovery is influenced not only by clinical but also sociodemographic factors (SDFs). However, data on how variables such as age, sex, marital status, education, and employment status affect rehabilitation outcomes remain limited, particularly in structured inpatient settings. This study aimed to analyze the impact of key SDFs on functional recovery after stroke. A retrospective cohort of 289 stroke patients undergoing structured inpatient rehabilitation was analyzed. Functional status was assessed at admission, after three weeks, and at discharge using five standardized outcomes: gait speed (primary outcome), Barthel Index, Berg Balance Scale, Action Research Arm Test, and Ashworth scale. Repeated measures ANOVA and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate within-subject changes and associations with SDFs. The cohort consisted predominantly of middle-aged to older adults (58% female, 62% married, 60% retired, 60% with primary education or less). Most patients (88%) had ischemic strokes of moderate severity. Significant improvements were observed across all functional measures. Employed, married, younger, and male patients achieved better outcomes. Interaction models indicated that older and female patients with moderate stroke severity demonstrated greater improvement than younger and male counterparts with milder strokes. Mean gait speed increased by +0.32 m/s, exceeding the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 0.16 m/s. Age, sex, marital status, education, and employment status are relevant predictors of stroke rehabilitation outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating sociodemographic profiles into individualized rehabilitation planning to optimize functional recovery and reduce disparities among stroke survivors.
中风恢复不仅受临床因素影响，还受社会人口统计学因素（SDFs）影响。然而，关于年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度和就业状况等变量如何影响康复结果的数据仍然有限，尤其是在结构化住院环境中。本研究旨在分析关键SDFs对中风后功能恢复的影响。对289名接受结构化住院康复治疗的中风患者进行了回顾性队列分析。在入院时、三周后和出院时使用五项标准化指标评估功能状态：步速（主要指标）、巴氏指数、伯格平衡量表、动作研究臂测试和Ashworth量表。采用重复测量方差分析和多变量逻辑回归来评估受试者内部的变化以及与SDFs的关联。该队列主要由中年至老年成年人组成（58%为女性，62%已婚，60%退休，60%接受过小学及以下教育）。大多数患者（88%）患有中度严重程度的缺血性中风。所有功能指标均有显著改善。就业、已婚、年轻和男性患者取得了更好的结果。交互模型表明，中度中风严重程度的老年女性患者比轻度中风的年轻男性患者有更大的改善。平均步速增加了+0.32 m/s，超过了0.16 m/s的最小临床重要差异（MCID）。年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度和就业状况是中风康复结果的相关预测因素。这些发现强调了将社会人口统计学特征纳入个体化康复计划以优化功能恢复和减少中风幸存者之间差异的重要性。
