Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Centre County, PA 16801, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 1;12(9):2667. doi: 10.3390/nu12092667.
Public health guidelines advise eating regular meals without defining "regular." This study constructed a meaning for "regular" meals congruent with dietary quality. Parents of 4th grade youth in a school-based intervention (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02491294) completed three, ASA24 online 24-h dietary recalls. Differences in time of intake across days for breakfasts, lunches, dinners were categorized with consistency denoted as always, often/sometimes or rarely/never and assigned values of 3, 2 or 1, respectively. Meal-specific values were summed to form mealtime regularity scores (mReg) ranging from 3 (low) to 9. Healthy eating index (HEI) scores were compared to mReg controlling for weekday/weekend recall pattern. Linear regression predicted HEI scores from mReg. Parents ( = 142) were non-Hispanic white (92%), female (88%) and educated (73%). One mReg version, mReg1 was significantly associated with total HEI, total fruit, whole fruit, tended to correlate with total protein, seafood/plant protein subcomponents. mReg1 predicted total HEI ( = 0.001) and was inversely related to BMI ( = 0.04). A score of three () was awarded to breakfasts, lunches or dinners with day-to-day differences of 0-60 min; also, lunches/dinners with one interval of 60-120 min when two meals were ≤60 min apart. More rigid mReg versions were not associated with dietary quality.
公共卫生指南建议人们定时用餐，但并未对“定时”一词做出具体定义。本研究旨在构建一个与饮食质量相符的“定时”用餐概念。在一项基于学校的干预研究（Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02491294）中，四年级青少年的家长完成了三次 ASA24 在线 24 小时膳食回忆。早餐、午餐和晚餐的摄入时间在不同天的差异通过一致性进行分类，其中始终、经常/有时或很少/从不分别表示为 3、2 或 1。分别对每餐的特定值进行求和，以形成从 3（低）到 9 的用餐时间规律性得分（mReg）。在控制工作日/周末回忆模式的情况下，将健康饮食指数（HEI）得分与 mReg 进行比较。线性回归预测了 mReg 与 HEI 得分之间的关系。研究对象（n=142）的特征为：非西班牙裔白人（92%）、女性（88%）和受教育程度较高（73%）。其中一个 mReg 版本（mReg1）与总 HEI、总水果、完整水果显著相关，与总蛋白质、海鲜/植物蛋白质亚组分呈正相关。mReg1 还可以预测总 HEI（β=0.001），且与 BMI 呈负相关（β=0.04）。当早餐、午餐或晚餐的日间差异在 0-60 分钟之间，或当两餐之间的间隔为 60-120 分钟且其中一餐的间隔时间为 60 分钟或更短时，mReg1 会被赋予 3 分；如果午餐和晚餐的间隔时间超过 120 分钟，则会被赋予 1 分。更严格的 mReg 版本与饮食质量无关。
