College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2020 Sep 4;20(1):412. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02618-7.
Histone modification genes (HMs) play potential roles in plant growth and development via influencing gene expression and chromatin structure. However, limited information is available about HMs genes in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.).
Here, we described detailed genome-wide identification of HMs gene families in grapevine. We identified 117 HMs genes in grapevine and classified these genes into 11 subfamilies based on conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis. We described the genes in terms of their chromosomal locations and exon-intron distribution. Further, we investigated the evolutionary history, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and syntenic relationships between grapes and Arabidopsis. According to results 21% HMs genes are the result of duplication (tandem and segmental) events and all the duplicated genes have negative mode of selection. GO analysis predicted the presence of HMs proteins in cytoplasm, nucleus, and intracellular organelles. According to seed development expression profiling, many HMs grapevine genes were differentially expressed in seeded and seedless cultivars, suggesting their roles in seed development. Moreover, we checked the response of HMs genes against powdery mildew infection at different time points. Results have suggested the involvement of some genes in disease resistance regulation mechanism. Furthermore, the expression profiles of HMs genes were analyzed in response to different plant hormones (Abscisic acid, Jasmonic acid, Salicylic acid, and Ethylene) at different time points. All of the genes showed differential expression against one or more hormones.
VvHMs genes might have potential roles in grapevine including seed development, disease resistance, and hormonal signaling pathways. Our study provides first detailed genome-wide identification and expression profiling of HMs genes in grapevine.
组蛋白修饰基因（HMs）通过影响基因表达和染色质结构，在植物生长和发育中发挥重要作用。然而，关于葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）中 HMs 基因的信息有限。
本研究在葡萄中详细鉴定了 HM 基因家族的全基因组。我们在葡萄中鉴定了 117 个 HM 基因，并根据保守结构域和与拟南芥的系统发育关系将这些基因分为 11 个亚家族。我们描述了基因在染色体上的位置和外显子-内含子分布。此外，我们还研究了葡萄和拟南芥之间的进化历史、基因本体（GO）分析和基因的共线性关系。根据结果，21%的 HM 基因是复制（串联和片段）事件的结果，所有复制基因都具有负选择模式。GO 分析预测 HM 蛋白存在于细胞质、细胞核和细胞内细胞器中。根据种子发育表达谱分析，许多 HM 葡萄基因在有籽和无籽品种中差异表达，表明它们在种子发育中的作用。此外，我们检查了 HM 基因对不同时间点白粉病感染的反应。结果表明，一些基因参与了抗病调控机制。此外，还分析了 HM 基因对不同植物激素（脱落酸、茉莉酸、水杨酸和乙烯）在不同时间点的响应表达谱。所有基因对一种或多种激素表现出差异表达。
VvHMs 基因可能在葡萄中具有潜在作用，包括种子发育、抗病性和激素信号通路。本研究首次在葡萄中进行了 HM 基因的全基因组鉴定和表达谱分析。
