Pinho-Gomes Ana Catarina, Peters Sanne A E, Thomson Blake, Woodward Mark
The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Heart. 2020 Sep 4. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317446.
To investigate sex differences in prevalence, treatment and control of major cardiovascular risk factors in England.
Data from the Health Survey for England 2012-2017 on non-institutionalised English adults (aged ≥16 years) were used to investigate sex differences in prevalence, treatment and control of major cardiovascular risk factors: body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure and hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol and dyslipidaemia. Physical activity and diet were not assessed in this study.
Overall, 49 415 adults (51% women) were included. Sex differences persisted in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, with smoking, hypertension, overweight and dyslipidaemia remaining more common in men than in women in 2017. The proportion of individuals with neither hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes nor smoking increased from 32% to 36% in women and from 28% to 29% in men between 2012 and 2017. Treatment and control of hypertension and diabetes improved over time and were comparable in both sexes in 2017 (66% and 51% for treatment and control of hypertension and 73% and 20% for treatment and control of diabetes). However, women were less likely than men to have treated and controlled dyslipidaemia (21% vs 28% for treatment and 15% vs 24% for control, for women versus men in 2017).
Important sex differences persist in cardiovascular risk factors in England, with an overall higher number of risk factors in men than in women. A combination of public health policy and individually tailored interventions is required to further reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in England.
调查英国主要心血管危险因素在患病率、治疗和控制方面的性别差异。
利用2012 - 2017年英国健康调查中关于非机构化英国成年人（年龄≥16岁）的数据，研究主要心血管危险因素在患病率、治疗和控制方面的性别差异，这些危险因素包括体重指数、吸烟、收缩压和高血压、糖尿病以及胆固醇和血脂异常。本研究未评估身体活动和饮食情况。
总体纳入了49415名成年人（51%为女性）。心血管危险因素的患病率存在性别差异，2017年吸烟、高血压、超重和血脂异常在男性中比在女性中更为常见。2012年至2017年间，既无高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病也不吸烟的个体比例在女性中从32%增至36%，在男性中从28%增至29%。高血压和糖尿病的治疗与控制情况随时间有所改善，2017年两性之间相当（高血压治疗和控制率分别为66%和51%，糖尿病治疗和控制率分别为73%和20%）。然而，2017年女性接受血脂异常治疗和控制的可能性低于男性（治疗率分别为21%和28%，控制率分别为15%和24%）。
英国心血管危险因素存在重要的性别差异，男性的危险因素总体数量高于女性。需要综合公共卫生政策和个体化干预措施，以进一步减轻英国心血管疾病的负担。
