Alamnia Tilahun Tewabe, Sargent Ginny M, Kelly Matthew
Department of Global Health National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health the Australian National University Canberra Australia.
Department of Health Sciences College of Medical and Health Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia.
Public Health Chall. 2023 Oct 21;2(4):e133. doi: 10.1002/puh2.133. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are rising in developing countries, posing substantial health, social, and economic consequences. Targeted action to address NCDs is difficult without data on the prevalence and social distribution of the risk factors.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among randomly sampled adults in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Sociodemographic, lifestyle risk factors, knowledge, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors for NCD risk factors and cardiovascular risk.
This study involved 417 participants, with a mean age of 35.6 ± 12.6 years, in which 54.7% were females. The prevalence of inadequate fruit/vegetable intake was 95.7%, alcohol consumption 53.0%, physical inactivity 37.9%, tobacco use 1.9%, khat use 5.1%, hypertension 20.7%, overweight/obesity 29.6%, and abdominal obesity 67.4%. Overall, 55% of adults have clusters of three or more risk factors, and 14.6% have a moderate (10%-20%) 10-year cardiovascular risk. Factors associated with NCD risk factors are sex, age, religion, marital status, occupation, and income. Ten-year cardiovascular risk is higher in men (adjusted odd ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% CI 1.5-11.4), in adults with abdominal obesity (adjusted OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.4-24.2), and in those with clustered risk factors (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6-10.3).
This study shows that adults in Northwest Ethiopia are at high risk of developing NCDs. Coordinated, multisectoral interventions at all levels of the socio-ecological model are needed to reduce the risk factors.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）在发展中国家呈上升趋势，带来了严重的健康、社会和经济后果。若没有关于危险因素的流行情况及社会分布的数据，针对非传染性疾病采取有针对性的行动将很困难。
在埃塞俄比亚西北部巴赫达尔对随机抽样的成年人进行了一项横断面调查。收集了社会人口统计学、生活方式危险因素、知识以及人体测量数据。进行了卡方检验和逻辑回归分析，以确定非传染性疾病危险因素和心血管疾病风险的预测因素。
本研究涉及417名参与者，平均年龄为35.6±12.6岁，其中54.7%为女性。水果/蔬菜摄入不足的患病率为95.7%，饮酒率为53.0%，身体活动不足率为37.9%，吸烟率为1.9%，恰特草使用率为5.1%，高血压患病率为20.7%，超重/肥胖率为29.6%，腹部肥胖率为67.4%。总体而言，55%的成年人存在三种或更多危险因素聚集，14.6%的人有中度（10%-20%）的10年心血管疾病风险。与非传染性疾病危险因素相关的因素包括性别、年龄、宗教、婚姻状况、职业和收入。男性（调整后的优势比（OR）为4.2，95%置信区间为1.5-11.4）、腹部肥胖的成年人（调整后的OR为5.8，95%置信区间为1.4-24.2）以及存在危险因素聚集的成年人（调整后的OR为4.0，95%置信区间为1.6-10.3）的10年心血管疾病风险更高。
本研究表明，埃塞俄比亚西北部的成年人患非传染性疾病的风险很高。需要在社会生态模型的各级开展协调一致的多部门干预措施，以降低危险因素。
