Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Prog Lipid Res. 2020 Nov;80:101063. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101063. Epub 2020 Sep 2.
All living beings have an optimal temperature for growth and survival. With the advancement of global warming, the search for understanding adaptive processes to climate changes has gained prominence. In this context, all living beings monitor the external temperature and develop adaptive responses to thermal variations. These responses ultimately change the functioning of the cell and affect the most diverse structures and processes. One of the first structures to detect thermal variations is the plasma membrane, whose constitution allows triggering of intracellular signals that assist in the response to temperature stress. Although studies on this topic have been conducted, the underlying mechanisms of recognizing thermal changes and modifying cellular functioning to adapt to this condition are not fully understood. Recently, many reports have indicated the participation of sphingolipids (SLs), major components of the plasma membrane, in the regulation of the thermal stress response. SLs can structurally reinforce the membrane or/and send signals intracellularly to control numerous cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cytoskeleton polarization, cell cycle arresting and fungal virulence. In this review, we discuss how SLs synthesis changes during both heat and cold stresses, focusing on fungi, plants, animals and human cells. The role of lysophospholipids is also discussed.
所有生物的生长和生存都有一个最佳温度。随着全球变暖的推进，对气候变化适应过程的研究变得越来越重要。在这种情况下，所有生物都在监测外部温度，并对温度变化做出适应性反应。这些反应最终改变了细胞的功能，影响了最多种多样的结构和过程。最早检测到热变化的结构之一是质膜，其组成允许触发细胞内信号，以帮助应对温度应激。尽管已经进行了许多关于这个主题的研究，但识别热变化并改变细胞功能以适应这种情况的潜在机制尚未完全了解。最近，许多报告表明，神经鞘脂（SLs），质膜的主要成分，参与了热应激反应的调节。SLs 可以在结构上增强膜，或/和在细胞内发送信号来控制许多细胞过程，如细胞凋亡、细胞骨架极化、细胞周期停滞和真菌毒力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 SLs 在热和冷应激期间的合成变化，重点是真菌、植物、动物和人类细胞。还讨论了溶血磷脂的作用。
