Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2020 Dec;67:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.07.004. Epub 2020 Sep 2.
Cells act as building blocks of multicellular organisms, forming higher-order structures at different biological scales. Niches, tissues and, ultimately, entire organisms consist of single cells that remain in constant communication. Emergence of developmental patterns and tissue architecture thus relies on single cells acting as a collective, coordinating growth, migration, cell fate transitions and cell type sorting. For this, information has to be transmitted forward from cells to tissues and fed back to the individual cell to allow dynamic and robust coordination. Here, we define the design principles of tissue organisation integrating chemical, genetic and mechanical cues. We also review the state-of-the-art technologies used for dissecting collective cellular behaviours at single cell- and tissue-level resolution. We finally outline future challenges that lie in a comprehensive understanding of how single cells coordinate across biological scales to insure robust development, homoeostasis and regeneration of tissues.
细胞作为多细胞生物的构建块，在不同的生物学尺度上形成更高阶的结构。龛位、组织，最终是整个生物体，都由保持持续通讯的单个细胞组成。发育模式和组织架构的出现因此依赖于作为一个整体的单个细胞，协调生长、迁移、细胞命运转变和细胞类型分选。为此，信息必须从细胞向前传递到组织，并反馈到单个细胞，以实现动态和稳健的协调。在这里，我们定义了整合化学、遗传和机械线索的组织设计原则。我们还回顾了用于解析单细胞和组织水平分辨率下细胞集体行为的最新技术。最后，我们概述了未来的挑战，即全面了解单个细胞如何在不同的生物学尺度上协调，以确保组织的稳健发育、内稳态和再生。
