CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Dec;267:115537. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115537. Epub 2020 Aug 29.
Trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) is a halogenated organophosphate ester that is widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. In this study, gender-specific accumulation and responses in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to TCPP exposure were focused and highlighted. After TCPP (100 nmol L) exposure for 42 days, male mussels showed similar average bioaccumulation (37.14 ± 6.09 nmol g fat weight (fw)) of TCPP with that in female mussels (32.28 ± 4.49 nmol g fw). Proteomic analysis identified 219 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between male and female mussels in control group. There were 52 and 54 DEPs induced by TCPP in male and female mussels, respectively. Interestingly, gender-specific DEPs included 37 and 41 DEPs induced by TCPP in male and female mussels, respectively. The proteomic differences between male and female mussels were related to protein synthesis and degradation, energy metabolism, and functions of cytoskeleton and motor proteins. TCPP influenced protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton functions, immunity, and reproduction in both male and female mussels. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks indicated that protein synthesis and energy metabolism were the main biological processes influenced by TCPP. However, DEPs involved in these processes and their interaction patterns were quite different between male and female mussels. Basically, twelve ribosome DEPs which directly or indirectly interacted were found in protein synthesis in TCPP-exposed male mussels, while only 3 ribosome DEPs (not interacted) in TCPP-exposed female mussels. In energy metabolism, only 4 DEPs (with the relatively simple interaction pattern) mainly resided in fatty acid metabolism, butanoate/propanoate metabolism and glucose metabolism were discovered in TCPP-exposed male mussels, and more DEPs (with multiple interactions) functioned in TCA cycle and pyruvate/glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism were found in TCCP-exposed female mussels. Taken together, TCPP induced gender-specific toxicological effects in mussels, which may shed new lights on further understanding the toxicological mechanisms of TCPP in aquatic organisms.
磷酸三（2-氯丙基）酯（TCPP）是一种广泛用作阻燃剂和增塑剂的卤代有机磷酸酯。本研究重点关注和强调了贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis 中 TCPP 暴露的性别特异性积累和反应。在 TCPP（100nmol L）暴露 42 天后，雄性贻贝的 TCPP 平均生物积累量（37.14±6.09nmol g 脂肪重（fw））与雌性贻贝相似（32.28±4.49nmol g fw）。蛋白质组学分析鉴定出对照组雌雄贻贝之间有 219 个差异表达蛋白（DEPs）。TCPP 分别诱导雄性和雌性贻贝产生 52 个和 54 个 DEPs。有趣的是，TCPP 诱导的性别特异性 DEPs 分别在雄性和雌性贻贝中包含 37 个和 41 个 DEPs。雌雄贻贝之间的蛋白质组差异与蛋白质合成和降解、能量代谢以及细胞骨架和运动蛋白的功能有关。TCPP 影响雄性和雌性贻贝的蛋白质合成、能量代谢、细胞骨架功能、免疫和生殖。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络表明，蛋白质合成和能量代谢是 TCPP 影响的主要生物学过程。然而，这些过程中涉及的 DEPs 及其相互作用模式在雄性和雌性贻贝中差异很大。基本上，在 TCPP 暴露的雄性贻贝中发现了 12 个核糖体 DEPs，它们直接或间接相互作用，而在 TCPP 暴露的雌性贻贝中只有 3 个核糖体 DEPs（不相互作用）。在能量代谢方面，只有 4 个 DEPs（具有相对简单的相互作用模式）主要存在于脂肪酸代谢、丁酸/丙酸代谢和葡萄糖代谢中，但在 TCPP 暴露的雄性贻贝中发现了更多的 DEPs（具有多种相互作用），在 TCA 循环和丙酮酸/乙醛酸/二羧酸代谢中发挥作用，在 TCPP 暴露的雌性贻贝中发现了更多的 DEPs（具有多种相互作用）。综上所述，TCPP 诱导贻贝产生性别特异性毒性作用，这可能为进一步了解 TCPP 在水生生物中的毒性机制提供新的思路。
