Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Tunceli Vocation School, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jan;28(3):2871-2879. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10672-9. Epub 2020 Sep 7.
This study reveals out detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme response of Gammarus pulex exposed/polluted to chlorpyrifos-ethyl insecticide before and after biodegradation/bioremediation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arthrosphaerae. Cytochrome P450 1A1, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in G. pulex exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation by these two bacteria during 24 and 96 h tested by using commercial ELISA kits. The activity of catalase enzyme was decreased depending on chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation the enzyme activity was increased repeatedly. Superoxide dismutase activity level increased after chlorpyrifos-ethyl exposure in 96 h (p > 0.05). Following bioremediation, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity decreased again during 24 h (p > 0.05) and increased during 96 h (p < 0.05). Statistical differences were not found in cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme activity before and after the process (p > 0.05). No significant differences were determined during the activity of glutathione S-transferase in 24 h (p > 0.05). The activities of glutathione S-transferase were increased after exposure of chlorpyrifos-ethyl during 96 h. After bioremediation; the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased even more (p < 0.05). The results determined that activities of G. pulex at superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase are common biomarkers for revealing out the efficiency of bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl with these two types of soil bacteria. Graphical abstract.
本研究揭示了在甲基杆菌和微杆菌生物修复/生物降解前后，食蚊鱼（Gammarus pulex）暴露/污染氯吡噁草醚乙基杀虫剂后的解毒和抗氧化酶反应。使用商业 ELISA 试剂盒，在 24 和 96 小时内，测试了这两种细菌生物修复/生物降解前后，食蚊鱼体内细胞色素 P450 1A1、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性。过氧化氢酶的活性取决于氯吡噁草醚乙基生物修复/生物降解前后的酶活性，酶活性反复增加。在 96 小时时，超氧化物歧化酶活性在接触氯吡噁草醚乙基后增加（p > 0.05）。生物修复后，超氧化物歧化酶活性在 24 小时内再次下降（p > 0.05），在 96 小时内增加（p < 0.05）。在该过程前后，细胞色素 P450 1A1 酶活性没有发现统计学差异（p > 0.05）。在 24 小时内，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶的活性没有显著差异（p > 0.05）。在 96 小时接触氯吡噁草醚乙基后，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶的活性增加。生物修复后，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶的活性甚至更高（p < 0.05）。结果表明，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶的食蚊鱼活性是揭示这两种土壤细菌对氯吡噁草醚乙基生物修复效率的常用生物标志物。
