Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal.
Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Oct;31(10):785-799. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Sep 6.
In hormone-dependent organs, sex hormones and dysregulated hormone signaling have well-documented roles in cancers of the breast and female reproductive organs including endometrium and ovary, as well as in prostate and testicular cancers in males. Strikingly, epidemiological data highlight significant differences between the sexes in the incidence of various cancers in nonreproductive organs, where the role of sex hormones has been less well studied. In an era when personalized medicine is gaining recognition, understanding the molecular, cellular, and biological differences between men and women is timely for developing more appropriate therapeutic interventions according to gender. We review evidence that sex hormones also shape many of the dysregulated cellular and molecular pathways that lead to cell proliferation and cancer in nonreproductive organs.
在激素依赖性器官中，性激素和失调的激素信号已被充分证实与乳腺癌和女性生殖器官（包括子宫内膜和卵巢）以及男性前列腺癌和睾丸癌的发生有关。引人注目的是，流行病学数据突出表明，在非生殖器官的各种癌症发病率方面，男女之间存在显著差异，而性激素的作用则研究得较少。在个性化医学日益受到认可的时代，了解男女之间在分子、细胞和生物学方面的差异，对于根据性别制定更合适的治疗干预措施是及时的。我们回顾了证据，表明性激素也塑造了许多失调的细胞和分子途径，导致非生殖器官的细胞增殖和癌症。
