Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Medicine 2, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Dec 1;105(12). doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa630.
Metabolic disturbances and a pro-inflammatory state associated with aging and obesity may be mitigated by physical activity or nutrition interventions.
The aim of this study is to assess whether physical fitness/exercise training (ET) alleviates inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), particularly in combination with omega-3 supplementation, and whether changes in AT induced by ET can contribute to an improvement of insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in the elderly.
DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of physical fitness was determined in cross-sectional comparison of physically active/physically fit (trained) and sedentary/less physically fit (untrained) older women (71 ± 4 years, n = 48); and in double-blind randomized intervention by 4 months of ET with or without omega-3 (Calanus oil) supplementation (n = 55). Physical fitness was evaluated by spiroergometry (maximum graded exercise test) and senior fitness tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Samples of subcutaneous AT were used to analyze mRNA gene expression, cytokine secretion, and immune cell populations.
Trained women had lower mRNA levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, lower relative content of CD36+ macrophages, and higher relative content of γδT-cells in AT when compared with untrained women. Similar effects were recapitulated in response to a 4-month ET intervention. Content of CD36+ cells, γδT-cells, and mRNA expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress markers correlated to insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness.
In older women, physical fitness is associated with less inflammation in AT. This may contribute to beneficial metabolic outcomes achieved by ET. When combined with ET, omega-3 supplementation had no additional beneficial effects on AT inflammatory characteristics.
与衰老和肥胖相关的代谢紊乱和促炎状态可以通过体育活动或营养干预来减轻。
本研究旨在评估身体健身/运动训练（ET）是否可以减轻脂肪组织（AT）的炎症，特别是与ω-3 补充剂结合使用时，以及 ET 引起的 AT 变化是否有助于改善老年人的胰岛素敏感性和代谢健康。
设计、参与者、主要观察结果：通过对活跃/健康（训练）和久坐/健康状况较差（未训练）的老年女性（71±4 岁，n=48）的横断面比较来确定身体健身的效果；并通过 4 个月的 ET 与或不与 ω-3（角叉菜油）补充剂的双盲随机干预来确定（n=55）。身体健身通过测功计（最大分级运动测试）和高级健身测试进行评估。胰岛素敏感性通过高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹测量。使用皮下 AT 样本分析 mRNA 基因表达、细胞因子分泌和免疫细胞群。
与未训练的女性相比，训练有素的女性的 AT 中炎症和氧化应激标志物的 mRNA 水平较低，CD36+巨噬细胞的相对含量较低，γδT 细胞的相对含量较高。在 4 个月的 ET 干预后，也出现了类似的效果。CD36+细胞、γδT 细胞的含量以及几种炎症和氧化应激标志物的 mRNA 表达与胰岛素敏感性和心肺功能适应性相关。
在老年女性中，身体健身与 AT 炎症减少有关。这可能有助于通过 ET 实现有益的代谢结果。当与 ET 结合使用时，ω-3 补充剂对 AT 的炎症特征没有额外的有益影响。
