Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Cardiology Division, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Rutgers University, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 19;11(7):1652. doi: 10.3390/nu11071652.
Both observational and interventional studies suggest an important role for physical activity and higher fitness in mitigating the metabolic syndrome. Each component of the metabolic syndrome is, to a certain extent, favorably influenced by interventions that include physical activity. Given that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components (particularly obesity and insulin resistance) has increased significantly in recent decades, guidelines from various professional organizations have called for greater efforts to reduce the incidence of this condition and its components. While physical activity interventions that lead to improved fitness cannot be expected to normalize insulin resistance, lipid disorders, or obesity, the combined effect of increasing activity on these risk markers, an improvement in fitness, or both, has been shown to have a major impact on health outcomes related to the metabolic syndrome. Exercise therapy is a cost-effective intervention to both prevent and mitigate the impact of the metabolic syndrome, but it remains underutilized. In the current article, an overview of the effects of physical activity and higher fitness on the metabolic syndrome is provided, along with a discussion of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of being more fit or more physically active in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
观察性研究和干预性研究都表明，身体活动和更高的健康水平在减轻代谢综合征方面起着重要作用。代谢综合征的每个组成部分在一定程度上都受到包括身体活动在内的干预措施的有利影响。鉴于代谢综合征及其各个组成部分（尤其是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗）的患病率在最近几十年显著增加，来自各种专业组织的指南都呼吁加大努力降低这种疾病及其组成部分的发病率。虽然改善健康水平的身体活动干预措施不能期望使胰岛素抵抗、血脂紊乱或肥胖正常化，但增加活动对这些风险标志物的综合影响、健康水平的提高或两者兼而有之，已被证明对与代谢综合征相关的健康结果有重大影响。运动疗法是一种预防和减轻代谢综合征影响的具有成本效益的干预措施，但它的应用仍不足。在本文中，提供了身体活动和更高健康水平对代谢综合征影响的概述，并讨论了在预防和治疗代谢综合征方面，更健康或更积极运动的益处的潜在机制。
