Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2021 Mar;70(3):569-588. doi: 10.1007/s00262-020-02717-2. Epub 2020 Sep 9.
Immune checkpoints comprise diverse receptors and ligands including costimulatory and inhibitory molecules, which play monumental roles in regulating the immune system. Immune checkpoints retain key potentials in maintaining the immune system homeostasis and hindering the malignancy development and autoimmunity. The expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints delineates an increase in a plethora of metastatic tumors and the inhibition of these immune checkpoints can be followed by promising results. On the other hand, the stimulation of costimulatory immune checkpoints can restrain the metastasis originating from diverse tumors. From the review above, key findings emerged regarding potential functions of inhibitory and costimulatory immune checkpoints targeting the metastatic cascade and point towards novel potential Achilles' heels of cancer that might be exploited therapeutically in the future.
免疫检查点包括多种受体和配体，包括共刺激和抑制分子，它们在调节免疫系统方面发挥着重要作用。免疫检查点在维持免疫系统的平衡和抑制恶性肿瘤的发展和自身免疫方面保留了关键的潜力。抑制性免疫检查点的表达表明了大量转移性肿瘤的增加，而抑制这些免疫检查点可以带来有希望的结果。另一方面，共刺激免疫检查点的刺激可以抑制来自不同肿瘤的转移。从上述综述中，可以发现针对转移级联的抑制性和共刺激免疫检查点的潜在功能的关键发现，并指出了癌症的新的潜在弱点，这些弱点可能在未来被用于治疗。
