Dolean Dacian, Cãlugãr Alexandra
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Cluj-Napoca Technical College, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Front Psychol. 2020 Aug 7;11:2000. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02000. eCollection 2020.
Roma children have been discriminated against for many years as they are denied access to high-quality education based on their scores on general non-verbal IQ tests. Rushton et al. (2007) showed that Roma perform more poorly than non-Roma on one such test (i.e., Raven Progressive Matrices), but suggest that this underperformance could be explained by Roma's low socio-economic status. In this paper, we tested the non-verbal abilities of Roma children and expanded on the research of Rushton et al. (2007) by investigating empirically the potential mediating effects of socio-economic status on children's performance on Raven Progressive Matrices. Results showed that the performance of Roma children was, on average, significantly lower than the performance of their non-Roma peers; however, the effect of ethnicity was partially mediated by the parents' education and living conditions (while the parents' income had no significant effect). As hypothesized by Rushton et al. (2007) some socio-economic factors can explain important variability in the performance of Roma children on general non-verbal tests, and their poor performance on such tests may lead to an underestimation of the true population mean.
多年来，罗姆儿童一直受到歧视，因为他们基于一般非语言智商测试的分数而被剥夺了接受高质量教育的机会。拉什顿等人（2007年）表明，罗姆人在一项此类测试（即瑞文渐进性矩阵测试）中的表现比非罗姆人差，但认为这种表现不佳可以用罗姆人的低社会经济地位来解释。在本文中，我们测试了罗姆儿童的非语言能力，并通过实证研究社会经济地位对儿童在瑞文渐进性矩阵测试中的表现的潜在中介作用，对拉什顿等人（2007年）的研究进行了拓展。结果表明，罗姆儿童的平均表现明显低于非罗姆同龄人；然而，种族差异的影响部分由父母的教育程度和生活条件所中介（而父母的收入没有显著影响）。正如拉什顿等人（2007年）所假设的那样，一些社会经济因素可以解释罗姆儿童在一般非语言测试中表现的重要差异，而他们在这类测试中的不佳表现可能导致对真实总体均值的低估。
