Mindell Jennifer S, Ergler Christina, Hopkins Debbie, Mandic Sandra
Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL, London, UK.
School of Geography, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Travel Behav Soc. 2021 Jan;22:48-58. doi: 10.1016/j.tbs.2020.08.006. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
Transport to school can contribute significantly to adolescents' physical activity but in New Zealand - as in many other countries around the world - many adolescents are driven to school. Public transport offers an opportunity to integrate incidental active transport into school commutes. In this paper, we bring together multiple sources of data into a multi-method study to elucidate the barriers to and facilitators of public transport use by adolescents for school travel in Dunedin, New Zealand, a city with low rates of public transport use. The data include a public bus survey from Otago School Students Lifestyle Survey (OSSLS, 1391 adolescents); the Built Environment Active Transport to School (BEATS) Study parental survey (350 parents), focus groups (54 adolescents, 25 parents, 12 teachers) and semi-structured interviews (12 principals); interviews with three policy-makers from local/regional/national agencies; and analysis of 10 relevant local/regional/national strategies/transport plans. The findings show how distance to school, cost, parental trip chaining, built environment features, the weather, convenience, and safety perceptions are major barriers to using public transport to school. Moreover, current transport planning documents do not favour public health. A number of recommendations that could increase public transport use are made including: raising parking prices to discourage parents driving and trip-chaining; improving bus infrastructure and services; providing subsidies; and changing perceptions of public transport use and users. These actions, however, require collaboration between government authorities across the local, regional and national scale.
上学的交通方式对青少年的身体活动有显著影响，但在新西兰——和世界上许多其他国家一样——许多青少年是乘车上学的。公共交通为将偶然的主动出行融入上下学通勤提供了机会。在本文中，我们将多种数据来源整合到一项多方法研究中，以阐明新西兰达尼丁市青少年使用公共交通上学的障碍和促进因素，该市公共交通使用率较低。数据包括来自奥塔哥学生生活方式调查（OSSLS，1391名青少年）的公交调查；建筑环境主动上学出行（BEATS）研究的家长调查（350名家长）、焦点小组（54名青少年、25名家长、12名教师）和半结构化访谈（12名校长）；对来自地方/区域/国家机构的三名政策制定者的访谈；以及对10份相关地方/区域/国家战略/交通规划的分析。研究结果表明，距离学校的远近、成本、家长的出行衔接、建筑环境特征、天气、便利性和安全认知是使用公共交通上学的主要障碍。此外，当前的交通规划文件不利于公共健康。我们提出了一些可以增加公共交通使用的建议，包括：提高停车价格以抑制家长开车和出行衔接；改善公交基础设施和服务；提供补贴；以及改变对公共交通使用和使用者的看法。然而，这些行动需要地方、区域和国家各级政府部门之间的合作。
