Vijay Jyoti, Sharma Sheel, Kapil Umesh, Bhadoria Ajeet Singh
Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2020 Apr-Jun;45(2):215-219. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_248_19. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
In India, iodine deficiency (ID) still remains a serious concern even after five decades of enormous efforts. ID during the preconception period of adolescent girls may negatively affect future neonates, resulting in neonatal hypothyroidism. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of goiter and associated factors among adolescent girls in a poor socioeconomic district of Rajasthan.
A cross-sectional study was conducted during January-March 2015 in Tonk district of Rajasthan. A total of 1912 adolescent girls were selected from thirty schools using population proportionate to size sampling. Adolescent girls were clinically examined for thyroid using palpation method. Casual urine ( = 344) and salt samples ( = 370) were collected from a subgroup of girls for the estimation of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and iodine content in salt, respectively.
The overall goiter prevalence was 15.3% (95% confidence interval 13.6%-16.9%) and the median UIC was 266 μg/l (interquartile range: 150-300 μg/l) among 1912 adolescent girls (age, 15.7 ± 1.4 years). Around 16.8% of the families of adolescent girls were consuming salt with inadequate iodine (<15 ppm). Goiter prevalence was statistically significantly different with respect to age groups ( = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference in goiter prevalence with respect to iodine content of salt ( = 0.98) and UIC ( = 0.41). The median UIC increased with an increase in consumption of iodine content of salt from inadequacy to adequacy ( = 0.15).
Adolescent girls, residing in an underdeveloped district, are in the transition phase from mild ID (goiter prevalence 15.3%) to iodine sufficiency (median UIC 266 μg/l).
在印度，尽管经过了五十年的巨大努力，碘缺乏问题仍然令人严重关切。青春期女孩孕前碘缺乏可能会对未来新生儿产生负面影响，导致新生儿甲状腺功能减退。因此，本研究旨在评估拉贾斯坦邦一个社会经济贫困地区青春期女孩甲状腺肿的患病率及相关因素。
2015年1月至3月在拉贾斯坦邦托克地区进行了一项横断面研究。采用按规模比例抽样法从30所学校中选取了1912名青春期女孩。通过触诊法对青春期女孩进行甲状腺临床检查。从部分女孩中分别收集随机尿样（n = 344）和盐样（n = 370），以分别估算尿碘浓度（UIC）和盐中的碘含量。
在1912名青春期女孩（年龄15.7±1.4岁）中，甲状腺肿总体患病率为15.3%（95%置信区间13.6% - 16.9%），UIC中位数为266μg/l（四分位间距：150 - 300μg/l）。约16.8%的青春期女孩家庭食用碘含量不足（<15ppm）的盐。甲状腺肿患病率在不同年龄组间存在统计学显著差异（P = 0.03）。甲状腺肿患病率在盐碘含量（P = 0.98）和UIC（P = 0.41）方面无统计学显著差异。随着盐碘含量从不足增加到充足，UIC中位数升高（P = 0.15）。
居住在欠发达地区的青春期女孩正处于从轻度碘缺乏（甲状腺肿患病率15.3%）向碘充足（UIC中位数266μg/l）的过渡阶段。
