植物特异性结构域和片段化序列暗示植物氨酰-tRNA 合成酶具有非经典功能。
Plant-Specific Domains and Fragmented Sequences Imply Non-Canonical Functions in Plant Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases.
机构信息
School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
出版信息
Genes (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;11(9):1056. doi: 10.3390/genes11091056.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play essential roles in protein translation. In addition, numerous aaRSs (mostly in vertebrates) have also been discovered to possess a range of non-canonical functions. Very few studies have been conducted to elucidate or characterize non-canonical functions of plant aaRSs. A genome-wide search for aaRS genes in revealed a total of 59 aaRS genes. Among them, asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (AsnRS) was found to possess a WHEP domain inserted into the catalytic domain in a plant-specific manner. This insertion was observed only in the cytosolic isoform. In addition, a long stretch of sequence that exhibited weak homology with histidine ammonia lyase (HAL) was found at the N-terminus of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS). This HAL-like domain has only been seen in plant HisRS, and only in cytosolic isoforms. Additionally, a number of genes lacking minor or major portions of the full-length aaRS sequence were found. These genes encode 14 aaRS fragments that lack key active site sequences and are likely catalytically null. These identified genes that encode plant-specific additional domains or aaRS fragment sequences are candidates for aaRSs possessing non-canonical functions.
氨酰-tRNA 合成酶（aaRSs）在蛋白质翻译中发挥着重要作用。此外，大量的 aaRSs（主要存在于脊椎动物中）也被发现具有一系列非典型功能。很少有研究阐明或描述植物 aaRSs 的非典型功能。对 中的 aaRS 基因进行了全基因组搜索，共发现 59 个 aaRS 基因。其中，天冬酰胺酰-tRNA 合成酶（AsnRS）被发现以植物特有的方式在催化结构域中插入 WHEP 结构域。这种插入仅存在于胞质同工酶中。此外，在组氨酸-tRNA 合成酶（HisRS）的 N 端发现了一段与组氨酸氨裂解酶（HAL）弱同源的长序列。这种类似 HAL 的结构域仅在植物 HisRS 中存在，并且仅存在于胞质同工酶中。此外，还发现了许多缺失全长 aaRS 序列的次要或主要部分的基因。这些基因编码 14 个 aaRS 片段，它们缺乏关键的活性位点序列，可能在催化上是无效的。这些鉴定出的基因编码具有非典型功能的植物特异性附加结构域或 aaRS 片段序列。
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