Matjuda Edna Ngoakoana, Sewani-Rusike Constance R, Anye Samuel Nkeh Chungag, Engwa Godwill Azeh, Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta Ngwechi
Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, 5117 Mthatha, South Africa.
MBCHB Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, 5117 Mthatha, South Africa.
Children (Basel). 2020 Sep 7;7(9):131. doi: 10.3390/children7090131.
Though the association between high blood pressure and microalbuminuria is well established in adults, there is a paucity of information on microalbuminuria in children. This study investigated the relationship between high blood pressure and microalbuminuria in 6-9-year-old children. A cross-sectional study, which included 306 primary school children of age 6-9 years old from urban areas (n = 154) and rural areas (n = 152) of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, was conducted. Participants' anthropometric data were determined and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured and converted to BP percentiles for age, sex and height. Creatinine and albumin concentrations were assayed in early morning midstream urine and the albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated. There was a 42.8% prevalence of elevated blood pressure/high blood pressure (E-BP/H-BP) and a 10.1% prevalence of microalbuminuria. Among the 131 children with E-BP/H-BP, 17 had elevated ACR with a prevalence of 13.95%. SBP and HR increased with increasing range of ACR and, furthermore, SBP was significantly ( < 0.05) higher in children with moderately and severely increased ACR. SBP was associated with ACR and increased SBP predicted microalbuminuria ( = 0.42, adj = 0.039, : 0.120, = < 0.05). In conclusion, microalbuminuria was present in 6-9-year-old South African children of African Ancestry and a weak association was observed with SBP in children.
虽然高血压与微量白蛋白尿之间的关联在成年人中已得到充分证实，但关于儿童微量白蛋白尿的信息却很少。本研究调查了6至9岁儿童高血压与微量白蛋白尿之间的关系。开展了一项横断面研究，纳入了南非东开普省城市地区（n = 154）和农村地区（n = 152）的306名6至9岁的小学生。测定了参与者的人体测量数据，并测量了收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR），并将其转换为按年龄、性别和身高划分的血压百分位数。测定清晨中段尿中的肌酐和白蛋白浓度，并计算白蛋白与肌酐比值（ACR）。高血压/血压升高（E-BP/H-BP）的患病率为42.8%，微量白蛋白尿的患病率为10.1%。在131名E-BP/H-BP儿童中，17名ACR升高，患病率为13.95%。SBP和HR随着ACR范围的增加而升高，此外，ACR中度和重度升高的儿童SBP显著更高（<0.05）。SBP与ACR相关，SBP升高可预测微量白蛋白尿（=0.42，校正后=0.039，：0.120，= <0.05）。总之，非洲裔6至9岁南非儿童存在微量白蛋白尿，且在儿童中观察到SBP与之存在弱关联。
