Prioreschi Alessandra, Wrottesley Stephanie Victoria, Slemming Wiedaad, Cohen Emmanuel, Norris Shane Anthony
SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Division of Community Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BMC Pediatr. 2020 Sep 9;20(1):428. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02321-4.
In order for infants and toddlers to meet recommended movement guidelines, their caregivers need to encourage play daily. This study used a qualitative approach to understand how mothers perceive and promote play and physical activity during the first 2 years of life.
Mothers with children between 0 and 24 months were recruited from the SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit in Soweto, South Africa. 19 mothers agreed to participate and were grouped into three focus group discussions (FGDs) by age of the child: 0-6-months, 7-14-months, and 15-24-months. Thereafter, 12 mothers (4 from each FGD) were selected for inclusion in in-depth interviews (IDIs). After coding and theme/sub-theme identification had been completed for all IDIs, a process of cross-cutting theme identification and confirmation across FGDs and IDIs was carried out.
The mothers were (mean ± SD) 27 (6) years old. All mothers had attended secondary school, but only nine had matriculated. Only one mother was married (and lived with the child's father), and the majority (n = 15) were unemployed. Most children were male (63%) and were aged 11 (7) months. Four main themes emerged: 1) Physical activity as an indicator for health, 2) Promoting play and development, 3) Gender bias in play, and 4) Screen time.
This study showed that developmental attainment was the most important outcome for mothers, and so focussing intervention content on the promotion of child development through movement is advised. Screen time was freely available to children, and we recommend educating mothers on the movement guidelines, with a particular focus on the detrimental effects of screen time in this age group. Mothers reported many barriers to promoting play, and these are essential to consider when designing interventions in this context, in order to allow for equal opportunities for play to be provided to all children.
为使婴幼儿达到推荐的运动指南要求，其照顾者需要每日鼓励他们玩耍。本研究采用定性研究方法，以了解母亲们如何看待并促进孩子在生命最初两年的玩耍和身体活动。
从南非索韦托的南非医学研究理事会/威特沃特斯兰德大学健康研究发展路径单位招募有0至24个月孩子的母亲。19位母亲同意参与，并根据孩子年龄分为三个焦点小组讨论：0至6个月组、7至14个月组和15至24个月组。之后，从每个焦点小组讨论中挑选4位母亲（共12位）纳入深入访谈。在完成所有深入访谈的编码以及主题/子主题识别后，开展了一项跨焦点小组讨论和深入访谈识别并确认交叉主题的过程。
母亲们的平均年龄为（27±6）岁。所有母亲都接受过中学教育，但只有9位完成了大学预科。只有一位母亲已婚（并与孩子的父亲同住），大多数母亲（n = 15）失业。大多数孩子为男性（63%），年龄为11（7）个月。出现了四个主要主题：1）身体活动作为健康指标；2）促进玩耍和发育；3）玩耍中的性别偏见；4）屏幕使用时间。
本研究表明，发育成就对母亲来说是最重要的结果，因此建议将干预内容重点放在通过运动促进儿童发育上。孩子们可以自由使用屏幕，我们建议对母亲进行运动指南教育，尤其关注该年龄组屏幕使用时间的有害影响。母亲们报告了促进玩耍存在的许多障碍，在设计这方面的干预措施时，必须考虑到这些障碍，以便为所有孩子提供平等的玩耍机会。
