MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Dec 22;14(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0633-5.
Physical activity is considered to have health benefits across the lifespan but levels, patterns, and correlates have not been well described in infants and toddlers under the age of two years.
This study aimed to describe objectively and subjectively measured physical activity in a group of South African infants aged 3- to 24-months (n = 140), and to investigate individual and maternal correlates of physical activity in this sample. Infants' physical activity was measured using an Axivity AX3 wrist-worn accelerometer for one week and the mean vector magnitude was calculated. In addition, mothers reported the average amount of time their infant spent in various types of activities (including in front of the TV), their beliefs about infants' physical activity, access to equipment in the home environment, and ages of motor development milestone attainment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pair-wise correlations were used to test age and sex differences and associations with potential correlates.
There were significant age and sex effects on the distribution of time spent at different physical activity intensities (Wilks' lambda = 0.06, p < 0.01). In all cases, the trend was for boys to spend more time in higher intensity physical activity and less time in lower intensity activity than girls; and for time spent in higher intensity activities to be higher in older children. Time spent outside was higher in boys, and this reached significance at 18-months (F = 3.84, p = 0.02). Less concern around floor play was associated with higher physical activity at 12-months in females only (p = 0.03, r = 0.54), and no other maternal beliefs were correlated with physical activity. The majority (94%) of children were exceeding TV time recommendations. When controlling for age and sex, overall TV time was positively associated with BMI z-score (β=0.01, p = 0.05).
This study is the first to show sex and age differences in the patterns of physical activity, and to report on objectively measured and maternal reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the first two years of life in South Africa infants. Infants and toddlers should be provided with as many opportunities to be active through play as possible, and TV time should be limited.
体力活动被认为对整个生命周期都有益处，但在两岁以下的婴儿和幼儿中，其水平、模式和相关因素尚未得到很好的描述。
本研究旨在描述一组南非 3 至 24 个月大（n=140）婴儿的客观和主观测量的体力活动，并调查该样本中个体和母亲相关因素与体力活动的关系。使用 Axivity AX3 腕戴式加速度计对婴儿的体力活动进行了一周的测量，并计算了平均向量幅度。此外，母亲报告了婴儿平均花费在各种活动（包括看电视）上的时间、她们对婴儿体力活动的看法、家中设备的可及性以及运动发育里程碑的年龄。方差分析（ANOVA）和两两相关用于检验年龄和性别差异以及与潜在相关因素的关联。
在不同体力活动强度下，时间分配存在显著的年龄和性别影响（Wilks' lambda=0.06，p<0.01）。在所有情况下，男孩比女孩在更高强度的体力活动中花费更多时间，在更低强度的活动中花费更少时间；而且年龄较大的儿童在更高强度的活动中花费的时间更多。男孩在户外活动的时间更多，18 个月时达到显著差异（F=3.84，p=0.02）。只有女孩在 12 个月时，对地板游戏的担忧较少与更高的体力活动相关（p=0.03，r=0.54），而其他母亲的信念与体力活动无关。大多数（94%）儿童的看电视时间超过了建议时间。在控制年龄和性别后，总体电视时间与 BMI z 分数呈正相关（β=0.01，p=0.05）。
本研究首次显示了南非婴儿体力活动模式的性别和年龄差异，并报告了生命最初两年中客观测量和母亲报告的体力活动和久坐行为。应尽可能为婴儿和幼儿提供通过游戏积极活动的机会，并限制看电视的时间。
Zotero 插件
