七年中不同奥地利人群中吸烟流行率的性别趋势：时间序列横断面分析的结果。
Sex-specific trends in smoking prevalence over seven years in different Austrian populations: results of a time-series cross-sectional analysis.
机构信息
Unit Lifestyle & Prevention, Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2020 Sep 9;10(9):e035235. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035235.
OBJECTIVES
Aim of this study was to examine trends over time in smoking status in men and women, and in subgroups, in Austria, a country with poor smoking regulation policies.
DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
Two cross-sectional surveys (Austrian Health Interview Surveys for 2007 and 2014), each with more than 15 000 participants from the general population, aged ≥15 years.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence of self-reported daily smoking. ORs for daily smoking in subgroups, presented as results of logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic variables and presence of chronic diseases.
RESULTS
Prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 26.0% for men in both years, and increased from 19.1% to 22.0% (p<0.001) in women from 2007 to 2014. Smoking prevalence increased especially in female patients with diabetes mellitus (from 9.9% to 16.4%, p=0.005), obesity (from 17.1% to 21.6%, p=0.010) and hypertension (from 11.2% to 14.2%, p=0.010). Smoking prevalence increased significantly in unemployed men (from 43.6% to 57.1%, p<0.001). In women, smoking prevalence increased in those aged 30-64 years (from 21.9% to 26.3%, p<0.001) and 65+ (from 3.9% to 6.2%, p=0.002), with primary (from 17.2% to 24.4%, p<0.001) and secondary education (from 21.4% to 23.4%, p=0.021), and with a European (from 16.6% to 26.1%, p<0.001) and non-European migration background (from 25.0% to 32.8%, p=0.003). In the adjusted analysis for women in 2014, there was a higher likelihood of smoking (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.32, p<0.001) compared with 2007, and for those affected by a chronic disease (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.25, p=0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
There has been a remarkable increase in smoking prevalence over the 7-year period in women in Austria, especially for those with chronic diseases, higher age, lower education and a migration background. Better political and clinical efforts are needed to reduce the high tobacco use in Austria.
目的
本研究旨在考察奥地利男性和女性吸烟状况的时间趋势，以及在不同亚组中的趋势，奥地利的吸烟监管政策较差。
设计和参与者
两项横断面调查（2007 年和 2014 年的奥地利健康访谈调查），每个调查都有超过 15000 名来自一般人群、年龄≥15 岁的参与者。
结局测量
自我报告的每日吸烟率。以逻辑回归模型的结果表示亚组中每日吸烟的比值比（OR），调整了社会人口统计学变量和慢性病的存在。
结果
2007 年和 2014 年，男性的每日吸烟率均为 26.0%，女性的每日吸烟率从 19.1%增加到 22.0%（p<0.001）。吸烟率的增加尤其在患有糖尿病（从 9.9%增加到 16.4%，p=0.005）、肥胖（从 17.1%增加到 21.6%，p=0.010）和高血压（从 11.2%增加到 14.2%，p=0.010）的女性患者中更为明显。男性失业者的吸烟率显著增加（从 43.6%增加到 57.1%，p<0.001）。在女性中，30-64 岁（从 21.9%增加到 26.3%，p<0.001）和 65 岁以上（从 3.9%增加到 6.2%，p=0.002）的吸烟率增加，具有小学（从 17.2%增加到 24.4%，p<0.001）和中学（从 21.4%增加到 23.4%，p=0.021）教育程度，以及欧洲（从 16.6%增加到 26.1%，p<0.001）和非欧洲移民背景（从 25.0%增加到 32.8%，p=0.003）的女性吸烟率增加。2014 年女性调整分析显示，与 2007 年相比，吸烟的可能性更高（OR 1.22，95%CI 1.12 至 1.32，p<0.001），并且患有慢性病的可能性更高（OR 1.15，95%CI 1.06 至 1.25，p=0.002）。
结论
在奥地利，女性吸烟率在 7 年内显著上升，尤其是在患有慢性病、年龄较大、教育程度较低和移民背景的女性中。需要更好的政治和临床努力来减少奥地利的高烟草使用。
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