Department of Epidemiology and Hygiene, Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 4, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 8;18(2):447. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020447.
Excess mortality of men has been observed since the beginning of the 20th century. One of the main causes of this phenomenon is malignant cancers, with lung cancer as the main reason. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a decline in male excess mortality was observed in most developed countries. This study aimed to analyze the changes in the level of excess mortality of men caused by lung cancer between 2002 and 2017 in the countries associated with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In order to compare changes in male mortality rates across countries, the annual average percent change (AAPC) in male excess mortality rate for a given country was calculated. A decrease in excess male mortality due to lung cancer between 2002 and 2017 was recorded in 33 of the 35 countries analyzed. The highest rate of decline was observed in Spain (4.9% per year), Belgium (4.7% per year), Slovakia (4.4% per year) and other European OECD member countries. In most OECD countries, the decrease in excess male mortality was the result of a decrease in mortality in the male population as well as the increase in female mortality. In 10 member countries of the OECD, there was a simultaneous increase in the mortality of men and women, though the increase was higher in the female population. Only in two countries was the decrease in excess mortality of males due to a greater decline in the mortality of men. The decline in male mortality from lung cancer primarily associated with a reduction in tobacco consumption in this population initiated in the 1980s or 1990s (depending on the country) was not observed in the female population.
自 20 世纪初以来，男性的超额死亡率一直存在。这种现象的主要原因之一是恶性癌症，其中肺癌是主要原因。在 20 世纪末和 21 世纪初，大多数发达国家的男性超额死亡率呈下降趋势。本研究旨在分析 2002 年至 2017 年期间与经济合作与发展组织（OECD）相关的国家中男性因肺癌导致的超额死亡率水平的变化。为了比较各国男性死亡率的变化，计算了给定国家男性超额死亡率的年平均百分比变化（AAPC）。在分析的 35 个国家中，有 33 个国家记录到男性因肺癌导致的超额死亡率在 2002 年至 2017 年间有所下降。下降幅度最大的是西班牙（每年 4.9%）、比利时（每年 4.7%）、斯洛伐克（每年 4.4%）和其他欧洲经合组织成员国。在大多数经合组织国家，男性超额死亡率的下降是男性人口死亡率下降和女性死亡率上升的结果。在经合组织的 10 个成员国中，男性和女性的死亡率同时上升，但女性人口的上升幅度更大。只有在两个国家，男性超额死亡率的下降是由于男性死亡率的下降幅度更大所致。男性肺癌死亡率的下降主要与 20 世纪 80 年代或 90 年代（具体取决于国家）开始的该人群烟草消费减少有关，但这一现象并未在女性人群中出现。
