Effect of education on preference of parenteral nutrition for patients in palliative care unit: quantitative and qualitative study with an anthropological approach.

BACKGROUND

Patients and their family have resistance in withholding parenteral nutrition (PN) when patient become unable to intake food in the end-of-life. We aimed to investigate whether the preference for PN is changed after receiving an individual education about the risk and benefit of PN. Additionally, we focused on the preferences of patients and their family and why they prefer it about the nutritional support in the end of life.

METHODS

This is prospective study. Patients are eligible if they cannot tolerate oral intake and enteral feeding and have Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) ≤50% due to progressive cancer. After informed consent, investigators educated patients and family for an hour using the handouts. Then, patients decided if they will receive PN. Quality of life (QOL) was checked by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) weekly during 3 weeks. Symptoms related to fluid overloading or dehydration was surveyed weekly also. A social anthropologist participated as an observer or interviewer during whole process of this study.

RESULTS

After education, 12 patients (80%) chose to keep receiving PN and 3 patients (20%) changed their decision from PN to minimal hydration among the 15 patients. More calories were administered to patients who chosen PN (median 1,042.2 vs. 324.3 Kcal/day, P<0.001) for initial 7 days. Overall survival, scores of QLQ-C15-PAL, and symptoms were not different with or without PN. According to the anthropologist, medical staffs regard PN as complex medical treatments, while patients and family recognize it as meal rather than medicine.

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients and family prefer to receive PN despite its potential harm and marginal benefit. An in-depth discussion about prognosis and aim of care must be preceded before a decision whether to receive PN can be made.