Jebelli Asiyeh, Oroojalian Fatemeh, Fathi Farzaneh, Mokhtarzadeh Ahad, Guardia Miguel de la
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Basic Science, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2020 Dec 1;169:112599. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112599. Epub 2020 Sep 6.
miRNAs are a large family of non-coding RNAs which play important roles in translational and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and biological processes. Abnormal expression of miRNAs is related to the initiation and progression of different diseases which make them be promising candidates for early medical diagnostics. Thus, accurate detection of miRNAs has great significance for disorder diagnosis. Nevertheless, their intrinsic characteristics such as short sequence, low concentration and sequence homology challenge routine techniques. The detection assays need to be extremely sensitive and selective in small value of intricate RNA samples. Biosensor-based strategies have emerged as potential alternatives to conventional methods in miRNA quantification. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR), an optical biosensor, possessing various advantages including excellent reliability, selectivity and reproducibility represents a wide range of applications in real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions and detection of biological and chemical analytes with label-based or label free form. Various signal amplification methods can overcome the limitation of SPR methods for detection of small molecules, making it suitable for clinical diagnosis. This review discusses main concepts and performance characteristics of SPR biosensor. Mainly, it focuses on newly emerged enhanced SPR biosensors towards high-throughput and ultrasensitive screening of miRNAs using labeling processes with focusing on the future application in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Actually, label-based signal amplification strategies of SPR platforms including nanoparticle enhancement, supersandwich assembly, streptavidin/biotin complex, antibody amplification, enzymatic reactions, triplex structure formation and catalytic hairpin assembly are discussed. Finally label free detection of miRNAs and advantages of SPR-based method was presented.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一大类非编码RNA，在基因表达和生物过程的翻译及转录后调控中发挥着重要作用。miRNA的异常表达与不同疾病的发生和发展相关，这使得它们成为早期医学诊断的有潜力的候选物。因此，准确检测miRNA对疾病诊断具有重要意义。然而，它们的内在特性，如序列短、浓度低和序列同源性，对常规技术提出了挑战。检测分析需要在微量复杂RNA样本中具有极高的灵敏度和选择性。基于生物传感器的策略已成为miRNA定量中传统方法的潜在替代方案。表面等离子体共振（SPR）作为一种光学生物传感器，具有诸多优点，包括出色的可靠性、选择性和可重复性，在实时监测生物分子相互作用以及基于标记或无标记形式检测生物和化学分析物方面有着广泛应用。各种信号放大方法可以克服SPR方法检测小分子的局限性，使其适用于临床诊断。本文综述了SPR生物传感器的主要概念和性能特点。主要聚焦于新出现的增强型SPR生物传感器，这些传感器通过标记过程实现对miRNA的高通量和超灵敏筛选，并着重探讨其在生物医学研究和临床诊断中的未来应用。实际上，本文讨论了SPR平台基于标记的信号放大策略，包括纳米颗粒增强、超级三明治组装、链霉亲和素/生物素复合物、抗体放大、酶促反应、三链结构形成和催化发夹组装。最后介绍了miRNA的无标记检测以及基于SPR方法的优势。
