Adjunct Clinical Professor of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Surgery, Marin Health Medical Center (Formerly Marin General Hospital), Greenbrae, California; Chair, Department of Surgery, Medical Director for Trauma Services, Marin Health Medical Center, Greenbrae, California; Trauma Services, Marin Health Medical Center, Greenbrae, California.
Trauma Services, Marin Health Medical Center, Greenbrae, California.
J Surg Res. 2021 Jan;257:593-596. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.009. Epub 2020 Sep 12.
The importance of bicycle helmets in reducing injuries is unclear. Our center receives a disproportionate number of bicycle crash victims. We sought to evaluate the types of injuries observed and the role of helmets in reducing head injuries.
We evaluated demographic data and compared injuries between bicycle riders that crashed with and without helmets over a 9-year period. Categorical variables were compared using linear regression methods and nominal variables using ANOVA. Differences were considered significant for P ≤ 0.05.
There were 906 patients evaluated, 701 with helmets (77%) and 205 (23%) without helmets. The mean Injury Severity Score was 9.3 ± 6.4. The most common injuries were concussion (n = 385), rib fractures (n = 154), clavicle fractures (n = 139), facial fractures (n = 102), and cervical spine fractures (n = 89). There was no significant difference in the number of patients with a concussion in riders with or without helmets, [299/701, 42.6% versus 86/205, 42.0%, respectively, (P = NS)]. In helmet versus no helmet riders, there were significantly fewer patients with facial fractures, [67/701, 9.5%, versus 35/205, 17.0%, respectively, (P = 0.003)], skull fractures [8/701, 1.1% versus 9/205, 4.4%, respectively, (P = 0.003)], and serious head injuries [6/701, 0.85% versus 8/205, 3.9%, respectively, (P = 0.002)].
Helmeted patients involved in bicycle crashes are less likely to sustain a serious head injury, a skull fracture, or facial fractures compared to riders without helmets. The most common injury in patients with a bicycle crash is a concussion. Helmets did not prevent concussion after bicycle rider's crash in our patient population.
自行车头盔在降低伤害方面的重要性尚不清楚。我们中心接收的自行车事故受害者数量不成比例。我们旨在评估观察到的伤害类型以及头盔在减少头部伤害方面的作用。
我们评估了人口统计学数据，并比较了 9 年来戴头盔和不戴头盔的自行车骑手之间的伤害情况。使用线性回归方法比较分类变量，使用方差分析比较名义变量。P 值≤0.05 时认为差异具有统计学意义。
共评估了 906 例患者，其中 701 例戴头盔（77%），205 例未戴头盔（23%）。损伤严重程度评分的平均值为 9.3±6.4。最常见的损伤是脑震荡（n=385）、肋骨骨折（n=154）、锁骨骨折（n=139）、面部骨折（n=102）和颈椎骨折（n=89）。戴头盔和未戴头盔的骑手发生脑震荡的患者数量无显著差异，[分别为 299/701（42.6%）和 86/205（42.0%），（P=NS）]。在戴头盔和未戴头盔的骑手之间，面部骨折的患者明显较少，[分别为 67/701（9.5%）和 35/205（17.0%），（P=0.003）]，颅骨骨折[分别为 8/701（1.1%）和 9/205（4.4%），（P=0.003）]和严重头部损伤[分别为 6/701（0.85%）和 8/205（3.9%），（P=0.002）]。
与未戴头盔的骑手相比，在自行车事故中戴头盔的骑手发生严重头部损伤、颅骨骨折或面部骨折的可能性较小。自行车事故患者最常见的损伤是脑震荡。在我们的患者群体中，头盔并不能预防自行车骑手碰撞后的脑震荡。
