School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 11;21(18):6653. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186653.
Establishing the existence and extent of neurogenesis in the adult brain throughout the animals including humans, would transform our understanding of how the brain works, and how to tackle brain damage and disease. Obtaining convincing, indisputable experimental evidence has generally been challenging. Here, we revise the state of this question in the fruit-fly . The developmental neuroblasts that make the central nervous system and brain are eliminated, either through apoptosis or cell cycle exit, before the adult fly ecloses. Despite this, there is growing evidence that cell proliferation can take place in the adult brain. This occurs preferentially at, but not restricted to, a critical period. Adult proliferating cells can give rise to both glial cells and neurons. Neuronal activity, injury and genetic manipulation in the adult can increase the incidence of both gliogenesis and neurogenesis, and cell number. Most likely, adult glio- and neuro-genesis promote structural brain plasticity and homeostasis. However, a definitive visualisation of mitosis in the adult brain is still lacking, and the elusive adult progenitor cells are yet to be identified. Resolving these voids is important for the fundamental understanding of any brain. Given its powerful genetics, can expedite discovery into mammalian adult neurogenesis in the healthy and diseased brain.
在包括人类在内的动物中，确立成年大脑中神经发生的存在和程度，将改变我们对大脑如何工作以及如何应对大脑损伤和疾病的理解。获得令人信服、无可争议的实验证据通常具有挑战性。在这里，我们在果蝇中修正了这个问题的状态。发育中的神经母细胞会通过细胞凋亡或细胞周期退出而被消除，从而形成中枢神经系统和大脑，而成年果蝇在出蛹之前。尽管如此，越来越多的证据表明，细胞增殖可以在成年大脑中发生。这种情况主要发生在（但不限于）关键时期。成年增殖细胞可以产生神经胶质细胞和神经元。成年期的神经元活动、损伤和遗传操作可以增加神经发生和神经发生以及细胞数量的发生率。最有可能的是，成年神经胶质和神经发生促进了大脑的结构可塑性和内稳态。然而，在成年大脑中仍缺乏有丝分裂的明确可视化，并且难以捉摸的成年祖细胞尚未被鉴定。解决这些空白对于理解任何大脑都很重要。鉴于其强大的遗传学，果蝇可以加速对健康和患病大脑中哺乳动物成年神经发生的发现。
