Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 13;12(9):2806. doi: 10.3390/nu12092806.
Diabetes is increasing by 3.09% per year in males and 1.92% in females. Lifestyle risk factors are related to diabetes. The aim of this work is to highlight within EU-28 countries the distribution percentages of some lifestyle risk factors and some components of diabetes health care.
A literature search was conducted to highlight the presence of diabetes registries, which are fundamental tools for disease surveillance and health planning; the presence of a national diabetes plan (NDP); the care setting; and methods used for reimbursement of drugs, devices, and coverage of any comorbidities associated with diabetes. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out to evaluate the possible associations between the variables considered.
The highest percentages of diabetes (>10%) are registered in Bulgaria, Malta, and Hungary. Concerning the prevalence of overweight, no European country shows overall percentages of less than 50%. Regarding obesity, 57% of countries show prevalence rates of 25%. The record for physical inactivity belongs to Malta, with 45% of individuals being inactive. The percentage of physical inactivity for females is higher than for males across Europe. In total, 57% of the countries have an insurance-based health system, while 12 countries have public national health systems. Further, 57% of countries have an NDP, while 42% of the EU countries have established a prevalence register for diabetes. Conclusions Prevalence rates for type 2 DM in the range of 8-9% are noted in 50% of EU-28 countries. In total, 21 out of EU countries show a high prevalence rate for overweight, while 7% of EU-28 countries have an obesity prevalence rate of 25%. Diabetes treatment is entrusted to general practitioners in most countries. The results of this work highlight the differences between countries, but also between genders.
男性糖尿病发病率每年增长 3.09%，女性发病率每年增长 1.92%。生活方式风险因素与糖尿病有关。本研究旨在突出欧盟 28 个国家中一些生活方式风险因素以及糖尿病保健某些方面的分布比例。
进行文献检索，以突出存在的糖尿病登记处，这是疾病监测和卫生规划的基本工具；存在国家糖尿病计划（NDP）；护理环境；以及用于报销药物、设备和涵盖与糖尿病相关的任何合并症的方法。进行多元对应分析（MCA）以评估所考虑变量之间的可能关联。
糖尿病（>10%）的最高比例在保加利亚、马耳他和匈牙利登记。关于超重的流行率，没有一个欧洲国家的总体比例低于 50%。关于肥胖，57%的国家的患病率为 25%。马耳他的身体不活动记录最高，45%的人不活跃。欧洲女性的身体不活动比例高于男性。总的来说，57%的国家实行基于保险的卫生系统，而 12 个国家实行公共国家卫生系统。此外，57%的国家有 NDP，而 42%的欧盟国家为糖尿病建立了流行登记处。结论：在欧盟 28 个国家中，有 50%的国家 2 型糖尿病的流行率在 8-9%的范围内。总的来说，欧盟 21 个国家超重的流行率很高，而欧盟 28 个国家中有 7%的肥胖流行率为 25%。大多数国家将糖尿病治疗委托给全科医生。这项工作的结果突出了国家之间的差异，但也突出了性别之间的差异。
