Tan Ke, Lu Tao, Ren Ming-Xun
Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China Hainan University Haikou China.
PhytoKeys. 2020 Aug 26;157:7-26. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.157.34032. eCollection 2020.
Based on an updated taxonomy of Gesneriaceae, the biogeography and evolution of the Asian Gesneriaceae are outlined and discussed. Most of the Asian Gesneriaceae belongs to Didymocarpoideae, except was recently moved into Gesnerioideae. Most basal taxa of the Asian Gesneriaceae are found in the Indian subcontinent and Indo-China Peninsula, suggesting Didymocarpoideae might originate in these regions. Four species diversification centers were recognized, i.e. Sino-Vietnam regions, Malay Peninsula, North Borneo and Northwest Yunnan (Hengduan Mountains). The first three regions are dominated by limestone landscapes, while the Northwest Yunnan is well-known for its numerous deep gorges and high mountains. The places with at least 25% species are neoendemics (newly evolved and narrowly endemic) which were determined as evolutionary hotspots, including Hengduan Mountains, boundary areas of Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi in Southwest China, North Borneo, Pahang and Terengganu in Malay Peninsula, and mountainous areas in North Thailand, North Sulawesi Island. Finally, the underlying mechanisms for biogeographical patterns and species diversification of the Asian Gesneriaceae are discussed.
基于苦苣苔科更新后的分类法，对亚洲苦苣苔科的生物地理学和进化进行了概述与讨论。除了最近被归入芒毛苣苔亚科的[某属]外，亚洲苦苣苔科的大多数属属于长蒴苣苔亚科。亚洲苦苣苔科的大多数基部类群分布于印度次大陆和印度支那半岛，这表明长蒴苣苔亚科可能起源于这些地区。确认了四个物种多样化中心，即中越地区、马来半岛、北婆罗洲和云南西北部（横断山脉）。前三个地区以石灰岩地貌为主，而云南西北部则以众多的深谷和高山而闻名。物种至少占25%的地方为新特有种（新进化且分布狭窄的特有种），这些地方被确定为进化热点地区，包括横断山脉、中国西南部滇黔桂交界地区、北婆罗洲、马来半岛的彭亨州和登嘉楼州，以及泰国北部、北苏拉威西岛的山区。最后，讨论了亚洲苦苣苔科生物地理格局和物种多样化的潜在机制。
