Robertson Inger Eide, Nesvåg Sverre Martin
Rogaland A-Center, Stavanger, Norway.
Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.
Nordisk Alkohol Nark. 2019 Jun;36(3):248-266. doi: 10.1177/1455072518796898. Epub 2018 Sep 26.
For people trying to stop using alcohol or other drugs (AOD), the process is often characterised by periods of abstinence followed by relapse into their previous drug-related way of life and subsequent re-entry into the treatment system. There is a call for greater attention to the of these transitions, with a special focus on the phase of leaving treatment. The aim of this article was to get a better understanding of the transformation of practice when moving from a drug-using to a non-using lifestyle by exploring the experience of (1) the involvement in treatment settings, (2) the process of leaving treatment, and finally, (3) the early phase of changing everyday practice into a drug-free way of living.
The article takes on a social practice approach, in particular Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, "doxa" and field to analyse 17 in-depth interviews with Norwegian men and women seeking treatment for problems resulting from the use of drugs and/or alcohol.
The study shows that the support of professionals operates as transitional relations that can bridge the transformation from a drug-using to a drug-free life, by providing a social web of relations, positions, settings and activities. However, leaving treatment and establishing AOD-free practice involves moving into something unknown in the sense that there is no embodied, taken-for-granted knowledge about how to relate to a world where drug use is not the focal point of existence.
The process of change, then, involves being exposed to an existential feeling of maladjustment. To get beyond the feeling of maladjustment, and get into the mode takes time, and involves reconfiguration of habitus through reorientation of social settings, relations and networks. The treatment system could potentially develop a continuum of support during these transformations.
对于试图戒酒或停用其他药物（AOD）的人来说，这个过程的特点通常是有一段禁欲期，随后又 relapse 到之前与药物相关的生活方式中，然后再次进入治疗系统。人们呼吁更加关注这些转变的过程，尤其要关注离开治疗的阶段。本文的目的是通过探索以下三个方面的经历，更好地理解从吸毒生活方式转变为不吸毒生活方式时的实践转变：（1）参与治疗环境的经历，（2）离开治疗的过程，以及最后（3）将日常实践转变为无毒品生活方式的早期阶段。
本文采用社会实践方法，特别是布迪厄的惯习、“doxa”和场域概念，来分析对 17 名因吸毒和/或酗酒问题寻求治疗的挪威男女进行的深入访谈。
研究表明，专业人员的支持作为过渡性关系，通过提供关系、职位、环境和活动的社会网络，可以弥合从吸毒生活到无毒品生活的转变。然而，离开治疗并建立无 AOD 的实践意味着进入一个未知的领域，因为对于如何与一个毒品使用不是存在焦点的世界建立联系，没有具体的、理所当然的知识。
那么，改变的过程涉及到一种存在不适应的感觉。要超越这种不适应的感觉并进入新的模式需要时间，并且涉及通过重新定位社会环境、关系和网络来重新配置惯习。治疗系统在这些转变过程中有可能发展出连续的支持。
