Higes Mariano, Martín-Hernández Raquel, Hernández-Rodríguez Carmen Sara, González-Cabrera Joel
Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, IRIAF, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Marchamalo, Spain.
Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Albacete, Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT), Albacete, Spain.
Parasitol Res. 2020 Nov;119(11):3595-3601. doi: 10.1007/s00436-020-06879-x. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
Varroosis is the disease caused by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, one of the most destructive diseases of honeybees. In Spain, there is great concern because there are many therapeutic failures after acaricide treatments intended to control varroosis outbreaks. In some of these cases it is not clear whether such failures are due to the evolution of resistance. Therefore, it is of high interest the development of methodologies to test the level of resistance in mite populations. In this work, a simple bioassay methodology was used to test whether some reports on low efficacy in different regions of Spain were in fact related to reduced Varroa sensitivity to the most used acaricides. This bioassay proved to be very effective in evaluating the presence of mites that survive after being exposed to acaricides. In the samples tested, the mortality caused by coumaphos ranged from 2 to 89%; for tau-fluvalinate, it ranged from 5 to 96%. On the other hand, amitraz caused 100% mortality in all cases. These results suggest the presence of Varroa resistant to coumaphos and fluvalinate in most of the apiaries sampled, even in those where these active ingredients were not used in the last years. The bioassay technique presented here, either alone or in combination with other molecular tools, could be useful in detecting mite populations with different sensitivity to acaricides, which is of vital interest in selecting the best management and/or acaricide strategy to control the parasite in apiaries.
瓦螨病是由外寄生螨狄斯瓦螨引起的疾病，是蜜蜂最具毁灭性的疾病之一。在西班牙，人们对此极为关注，因为在旨在控制瓦螨病爆发的杀螨剂处理后出现了许多治疗失败的情况。在其中一些案例中，尚不清楚这些失败是否是由于抗性的演变。因此，开发测试螨种群抗性水平的方法具有很高的意义。在这项工作中，使用了一种简单的生物测定方法来测试西班牙不同地区一些关于低疗效的报告是否实际上与狄斯瓦螨对最常用杀螨剂的敏感性降低有关。这种生物测定方法在评估接触杀螨剂后存活的螨的存在方面被证明非常有效。在所测试的样本中，蝇毒磷引起的死亡率在2%至89%之间；氟氯苯菊酯引起的死亡率在5%至96%之间。另一方面，双甲脒在所有情况下都导致了100%的死亡率。这些结果表明，在大多数采样的蜂场中都存在对蝇毒磷和氟氯苯菊酯具有抗性的狄斯瓦螨，即使在那些近年来未使用这些活性成分的蜂场也是如此。这里介绍的生物测定技术，无论是单独使用还是与其他分子工具结合使用，都可能有助于检测对杀螨剂具有不同敏感性的螨种群，这对于选择最佳的管理和/或杀螨剂策略来控制蜂场中的寄生虫至关重要。
