Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Departamento de Educação, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, Brasil.
Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, São Luís, MA, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020 Sep 11;53:e20200176. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0176-2020. eCollection 2020.
Curtailing the development of the aquatic immature stages of Aedes aegypti is one of the main measures to limit their spread and the diseases transmitted by them. The use of plant extracts is a promising approach in the development of natural insecticides. Thus, this research aimed to characterize the inhibitory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Caryocar brasiliense leaves on the emergence of adult A. aegypti and the main substances that constitute this extract.
C. brasiliense leaf extract was prepared by ethanol (70%) extraction. Bioassays using L3 larvae were performed at concentrations of 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. We identified the major secondary metabolites present in this extract, and performed toxicity tests on an off-target organism, Danio rerio.
We observed a significant delay in the development of A. aegypti larvae mainly at a concentration of 500 ppm, and estimated an emergence inhibition for 50% of the population of 150 ppm. Moreover, the C. brasiliense leaf extracts exhibited low toxicity in D. rerio. The main compounds found in the extract were quercetin, violaxanthin, myricetin3-O-hexoside, methyl-elagic-3-arabinose acid, and isoquercitrin.
Herein, we demonstrate the inhibition of mosquito development by the hydroalcoholic extract of C. brasiliense and suggest substances that may act as active principles.
抑制埃及伊蚊水生幼期的发育是限制其传播及其传播疾病的主要措施之一。利用植物提取物开发天然杀虫剂是一种很有前途的方法。因此，本研究旨在表征巴西栗叶水醇提取物对成蚊出现的抑制作用及其主要成分。
采用乙醇（70%）提取法制备巴西栗叶提取物。使用 L3 幼虫进行生物测定，浓度分别为 200、300、400 和 500 ppm。我们鉴定了该提取物中存在的主要次生代谢物，并对非靶标生物斑马鱼进行了毒性测试。
我们观察到埃及伊蚊幼虫的发育明显延迟，主要发生在 500 ppm 的浓度下，估计种群的 50%出现抑制的浓度为 150 ppm。此外，巴西栗叶提取物对斑马鱼的毒性较低。提取物中的主要化合物为槲皮素、玉米黄质、杨梅素 3-O-半乳糖苷、甲基鞣花酸 3-阿拉伯糖苷和异槲皮苷。
本研究证明了巴西栗叶水醇提取物对蚊子发育的抑制作用，并提出了可能作为活性成分的物质。
