Long C, de Vries S, Venema K
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands.
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Benef Microbes. 2020 Oct 12;11(6):591-610. doi: 10.3920/BM2020.0006. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
Several validated dynamic models of the colon have been developed for humans, but there is no dynamic fermentation model for pigs. This study was conducted to modify the human, dynamic, computer-controlled TNO model of the colon (TIM-2) for pigs and investigate effects of different starch sources and polysaccharides on swine microbiota structure, ecological network, predictive functional profile, and short-chain fatty acids production. Our study showed that three different types of starch or two polysaccharides greatly impacted microbiota composition. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that microbiota fed with different sources of starch changed the network topological properties. Functional profiles were predicted to vary significantly among the three starch treatments, and the original pig faecal inoculum was more similar to maize starch treatment. On the other hand, compared with maize starch and arabinoxylans (AX), the microbial composition of the original inoculum was more similar when AX-XG (arabinoxylans and xyloglucan) were added, and the functional profile of the original inoculum also clustered with AX-XG. The cumulative production of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid on maize starch were significantly higher than those on potato starch and wheat starch, while only the amount of acetic acid was significant higher on AX-XG than that on AX. In conclusion, supplementation of maize starch as the starch source together with AX and XG, leads to the bacteria being more stable in the model and closer to the original inoculum and microbial function compared to potato starch, wheat starch and AX. A maize basal diet may improve energy absorption in the large intestine in growing pigs.
已经为人类开发了几种经过验证的结肠动态模型，但还没有猪的动态发酵模型。本研究旨在对用于猪的人体动态计算机控制的结肠TNO模型（TIM-2）进行改进，并研究不同淀粉来源和多糖对猪微生物群结构、生态网络、预测功能谱和短链脂肪酸产生的影响。我们的研究表明，三种不同类型的淀粉或两种多糖对微生物群组成有很大影响。共现网络分析表明，饲喂不同淀粉来源的微生物群改变了网络拓扑特性。预测三种淀粉处理之间的功能谱有显著差异，原始猪粪便接种物与玉米淀粉处理更相似。另一方面，与玉米淀粉和阿拉伯木聚糖（AX）相比，添加AX-XG（阿拉伯木聚糖和木葡聚糖）时，原始接种物的微生物组成更相似，原始接种物的功能谱也与AX-XG聚类。玉米淀粉上乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的累积产量显著高于马铃薯淀粉和小麦淀粉，而AX-XG上仅乙酸含量显著高于AX。总之，与马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉和AX相比，添加玉米淀粉作为淀粉来源以及AX和XG，可使模型中的细菌更稳定，更接近原始接种物和微生物功能。玉米基础日粮可能会提高生长猪大肠中的能量吸收。
