Long Cheng, Qi Xiao-Long, Venema Koen
Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 28;9:948302. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948302. eCollection 2022.
Approximately 35% of rapeseed meal (RSM) dry matter (DM) are carbohydrates, half of which are water-soluble carbohydrates. The cell wall of rapeseed meal contains arabinan, galactomannan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, type II arabinogalactan, glucuronoxylan, XXGG-type and XXXG-type xyloglucan, and cellulose. Glycoside hydrolases including in the degradation of RSM carbohydrates are α-L-Arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55), endo-α-1,5-L-arabinanases (EC 3.2.1.99), Endo-1,4-β-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), β-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), reducing-end-disaccharide-lyase (pectate disaccharide-lyase) (EC 4.2.2.9), (1 → 4)-6-O-methyl-α-D-galacturonan lyase (pectin lyase) (EC 4.2.2.10), (1 → 4)-α-D-galacturonan reducing-end-trisaccharide-lyase (pectate trisaccharide-lyase) (EC 4.2.2.22), α-1,4-D-galacturonan lyase (pectate lyase) (EC 4.2.2.2), (1 → 4)-α-D-galacturonan glycanohydrolase (endo-polygalacturonase) (EC 3.2.1.15), Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase, Rhamnogalacturonan lyase (EC 4.2.2.23), Exo-β-1,3-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.145), endo-β-1,6-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.164), Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), α-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.91), and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). In conclusion, this review summarizes the chemical and nutritional compositions of RSM, and the microbial degradation of RSM cell wall carbohydrates which are important to allow to develop strategies to improve recalcitrant RSM carbohydrate degradation by the gut microbiota, and eventually to improve animal feed digestibility, feed efficiency, and animal performance.
大约35%的菜籽粕（RSM）干物质（DM）是碳水化合物，其中一半是水溶性碳水化合物。菜籽粕的细胞壁含有阿拉伯聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖、鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖I、II型阿拉伯半乳聚糖、葡糖醛酸木聚糖、XXGG型和XXXG型木葡聚糖以及纤维素。参与菜籽粕碳水化合物降解的糖苷水解酶包括α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.55）、内切-α-1,5-L-阿拉伯聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.99）、内切-1,4-β-甘露聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.78）、β-甘露糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.25）、α-半乳糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.22）、还原端二糖裂解酶（果胶二糖裂解酶）（EC 4.2.2.9）、(1→4)-6-O-甲基-α-D-半乳糖醛酸聚糖裂解酶（果胶裂解酶）（EC 4.2.2.10）、(1→4)-α-D-半乳糖醛酸聚糖还原端三糖裂解酶（果胶三糖裂解酶）（EC 4.2.2.22）、α-1,4-D-半乳糖醛酸聚糖裂解酶（果胶裂解酶）（EC 4.2.2.2）、(1→4)-α-D-半乳糖醛酸聚糖聚糖水解酶（内切聚半乳糖醛酸酶）（EC 3.2.1.15）、鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖水解酶、鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖裂解酶（EC 4.2.2.23）、外切-β-1,3-半乳聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.145）、内切-β-1,6-半乳聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.164）、内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.4）、α-木糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.177）、β-葡萄糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.21）、内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.4）、外切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶（EC 3.2.1.91）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.21）。总之，本综述总结了菜籽粕的化学和营养成分，以及菜籽粕细胞壁碳水化合物的微生物降解，这对于制定策略以改善肠道微生物群对顽固的菜籽粕碳水化合物的降解至关重要，并最终提高动物饲料的消化率、饲料效率和动物生产性能。
