Evolution of metal organic frameworks as electrocatalysts for water oxidation.

In the last two decades, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively investigated to develop heterogeneous electrocatalysts for water oxidation (WO). The scope of reticular synthesis, enormous surface area and accessible internal volume of MOFs make them promising candidates for catalysis. However, low electrical conductivity, slow mass transport and lack of stability restrict the scope of MOF-based WO. In recent times, various material designing approaches, e.g., the introduction of mixed metal and multi-metal systems, ligand engineering, guest@MOF composite formation, preparation of thin films, MOF composite formation with conducting carbon-based materials, metal oxides, polymers and layered compounds, etc. have emerged as an effective means to counteract the aforementioned limitations. This feature article critically discusses the common MOF-based material designing strategies with respect to electrochemical WO and provides a platform to understand the potential of MOFs to prepare a sophisticated hybrid electrocatalyst for WO.