Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio, Lopez-Lopez Jose, Cohen Daniel, Alarcon-Ariza Natalia, Mogollon-Zehr Margarita
Masira Research Institute, University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Curr Hypertens Rev. 2021;17(2):112-120. doi: 10.2174/1573402116999200917152952.
Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America, hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and around 40% of patients are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has also been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, it is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the United Nations to decrease the premature mortality for CVD.
高血压和2型糖尿病是导致全球心血管疾病的两个重要风险因素。在拉丁美洲，高血压患病率在30%至50%之间。此外，高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率非常低。2型糖尿病患病率在8%至13%之间，约40%的患者不知道自己患有该病。此外，糖尿病前期患病率在6%至14%之间，这种情况也与心血管疾病风险增加有关。拉丁美洲与高血压风险较高相关的主要因素包括肥胖增加、肌肉力量低下、不健康饮食、身体活动不足和教育程度低。高血压和2型糖尿病不仅是慢性病，也是心血管疾病死亡的主要原因，对拉丁美洲国家薄弱的卫生系统来说成本巨大。因此，有必要实施并加强公共卫生项目，以提高对高血压和2型糖尿病的知晓率、治疗率和控制率，从而实现联合国降低心血管疾病过早死亡率的任务要求。
