Kitron U
Int J Health Serv. 1987;17(2):295-326. doi: 10.2190/68UG-BAWQ-YXCT-HFKT.
The author presents in this article a historical-epidemiological evaluation of several anti-malaria campaigns and of the relative contribution of various direct measures employed and indirect factors operating during these campaigns. Approaches and factors that may be essential or at least useful for successful malaria control are identified. The malaria story in Palestine/Israel and the experience of the Tennessee Valley Authority are analyzed in some detail. In both cases, direct anti-malaria measures were versatile and based mostly on reduction of mosquito breeding and elimination of Anopheles larvae. Efficient organization and coordination of anti-malaria efforts, strenuous research and understanding of the vector biology, and accompanying socioeconomic and agricultural development contributed to successful campaigns. Malaria control in other parts of the United States and in Italy is also considered. The World Health Organization global anti-malaria campaign is discussed in the light of these earlier experiences. The study concludes that no single measure is sufficient to control malaria and that future anti-malaria campaigns need to adopt strategies that are flexible, incorporated into local health services, and interrelated with agricultural practices. Moreover, a certain threshold of socioeconomic development, health services infrastructure, and educational level may have to be reached for the successful application and maintenance of direct anti-malaria measures.
作者在本文中对若干疟疾防治运动以及这些运动期间所采用的各种直接措施和发挥作用的间接因素的相对贡献进行了历史流行病学评估。确定了对于成功控制疟疾可能至关重要或至少有用的方法和因素。对巴勒斯坦/以色列的疟疾情况以及田纳西河谷管理局的经验进行了较为详细的分析。在这两个案例中，直接的疟疾防治措施具有多样性，主要基于减少蚊虫滋生和消灭按蚊幼虫。疟疾防治工作的有效组织与协调、对病媒生物学的深入研究与了解，以及伴随的社会经济和农业发展促成了防治运动的成功。还考虑了美国其他地区和意大利的疟疾控制情况。根据这些早期经验对世界卫生组织的全球疟疾防治运动进行了讨论。该研究得出结论，没有单一措施足以控制疟疾，未来的疟疾防治运动需要采取灵活的战略，融入当地卫生服务，并与农业实践相关联。此外，为了成功应用和维持直接的疟疾防治措施，可能必须达到一定的社会经济发展、卫生服务基础设施和教育水平门槛。
