Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021 Feb;128(2):315-321. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13493. Epub 2020 Oct 2.
Waterpipe smoking is common among pregnant and breastfeeding women. Herein, the effects of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure during lactation on milk composition, hormonal levels and biochemical profile in dams and pups were investigated. Lactating Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either WTS (2 hours per day) or fresh air (control group). Milk was collected on day 21 and analysed for protein, lactose and total fat. Blood, from dams and pups, was analysed for insulin, glucose, lipid profile, leptin, prolactin and corticosterone. WTS exposure during lactation increased the blood level of HDL and corticosterone in dams (P < .05). However, the level of milk lactose and blood glucose was reduced in dams after the exposure to WTS during lactation (P < .05). WTS during lactation significantly increased levels of triglycerides, LDL and leptin (P < .05), and a trend of increase in blood level of nicotine and prolactin in pups. Levels of other parameters were not affected by WTS exposure in dams and pups. In conclusion, WTS exposure during lactation altered the milk composition and altered lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and hormonal levels in dams and pups. It is necessary to adopt strategies to enhance tobacco cessation during breastfeeding.
水烟吸烟在孕妇和哺乳期妇女中很常见。在此，研究了哺乳期水烟烟草烟雾（WTS）暴露对哺乳母亲和幼崽乳汁成分、激素水平和生化特征的影响。将哺乳期 Wistar 大鼠随机分为 WTS（每天 2 小时）或新鲜空气（对照组）组。在第 21 天收集乳汁，分析蛋白质、乳糖和总脂肪。采集母鼠和幼崽的血液，分析胰岛素、葡萄糖、血脂、瘦素、催乳素和皮质酮水平。哺乳期暴露于 WTS 增加了母鼠血液中 HDL 和皮质酮的水平（P <.05）。然而，暴露于 WTS 后，母鼠乳汁中乳糖和血糖的水平降低（P <.05）。哺乳期暴露于 WTS 显著增加了甘油三酯、LDL 和瘦素的水平（P <.05），并且幼崽血液中尼古丁和催乳素的水平呈增加趋势。WTS 暴露对母鼠和幼崽的其他参数水平没有影响。总之，哺乳期暴露于 WTS 改变了乳汁成分，改变了母鼠和幼崽的脂质谱、葡萄糖稳态和激素水平。有必要采取措施在母乳喂养期间加强戒烟。
